{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042706338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc50065.2020.9127265","title":"Poster: Towards Understanding Novice Behaviors and Mental Effort in Code Puzzles","display_name":"Poster: Towards Understanding Novice Behaviors and Mental Effort in Code Puzzles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042706338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc50065.2020.9127265","mag":"3042706338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vl/hcc50065.2020.9127265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc50065.2020.9127265","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063796166","display_name":"J. A. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-591X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042259261","display_name":"Caitlin Kelleher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlin Kelleher","raw_affiliation_strings":["McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.7844404578208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7671607732772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.6933070421218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.626952052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6043834090232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-effort","display_name":"Mental effort","score":0.4384479820728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.38086509704589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3407396674156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3328324258327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23961979150772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16640043258666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10020297765731812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.7844404578208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7671607732772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.6933070421218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.626952052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6043834090232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985571061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Mental effort","level":3,"score":0.4384479820728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38086509704589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3407396674156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3328324258327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23961979150772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16640043258666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10020297765731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vl/hcc50065.2020.9127265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc50065.2020.9127265","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540401070","https://openalex.org/W2079172301","https://openalex.org/W2131057562","https://openalex.org/W2203736954","https://openalex.org/W2940995469","https://openalex.org/W2975687524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2607527491","https://openalex.org/W2482722588","https://openalex.org/W646064768","https://openalex.org/W2064749740","https://openalex.org/W2163308106","https://openalex.org/W2598377908","https://openalex.org/W2150155019","https://openalex.org/W4380605285","https://openalex.org/W3158578353","https://openalex.org/W3153055590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"puzzles":[1],"are":[2],"a":[3,50],"popular":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6,10,18,91,94],"introduce":[7],"young":[8],"learners":[9,48],"computer":[11],"programming.":[12],"Managing":[13],"cognitive":[14,29,54,83],"load":[15,30,84],"can":[16],"lead":[17],"more":[19,66],"effective":[20],"learning,":[21],"but":[22],"it":[23],"is":[24],"unknown":[25],"what":[26],"levels":[27],"of":[28,52],"should":[31],"be":[32,89,92],"maintained":[33],"for":[34],"successful":[35,47],"learning":[36,97],"in":[37],"code":[38],"puzzle":[39],"systems.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,62],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,57],"find":[45],"that":[46],"follow":[49],"trend":[51,63],"lower":[53],"load,":[55],"and":[56,78,85],"suggest":[58],"guiding":[59],"users":[60],"towards":[61],"before":[64],"introducing":[65],"difficult":[67],"tasks.":[68],"We":[69],"then":[70],"quantify":[71],"puzzle-solving":[72],"experiences":[73],"into":[74],"7":[75],"principal":[76],"components":[77],"explain":[79],"their":[80],"relationship":[81],"with":[82],"how":[86],"they":[87],"may":[88],"able":[90],"used":[93],"improve":[95],"the":[96],"experience.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}