{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4250111450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/visual.2005.1532836","title":"Understanding Visualization through Spatial Ability Differences","display_name":"Understanding Visualization through Spatial Ability Differences","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4250111450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/visual.2005.1532836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/visual.2005.1532836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/visual.2005.1532836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"VIS 05. IEEE Visualization, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017860345","display_name":"Carmen Corujo-V\u00e9lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-7765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.C. Velez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Information Processing Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Information Processing Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112795492","display_name":"D. Silver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Silver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Information Processing Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Information Processing Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112716743","display_name":"Marilyn Tremaine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Tremaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Information Processing Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Information Processing Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017860345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86476904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"511","last_page":"518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.861831784248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ability","display_name":"Spatial ability","score":0.7085545659065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7066628932952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.6953014135360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5462321043014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.50960373878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-visualization","display_name":"Information visualization","score":0.5007891654968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.45583346486091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.45189806818962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4299493730068207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4247414469718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analytics","display_name":"Visual analytics","score":0.42001569271087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.41463541984558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4081226587295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4057430624961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19633230566978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19248732924461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13839063048362732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.861831784248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778662690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3125339","display_name":"Spatial ability","level":3,"score":0.7085545659065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7066628932952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.6953014135360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5462321043014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.50960373878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185578843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10609775","display_name":"Information visualization","level":3,"score":0.5007891654968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45583346486091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.45189806818962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4299493730068207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4247414469718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59732488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440","display_name":"Visual analytics","level":3,"score":0.42001569271087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41463541984558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4081226587295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4057430624961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19633230566978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19248732924461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13839063048362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/visual.2005.1532836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/visual.2005.1532836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"VIS 05. IEEE Visualization, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984945599","https://openalex.org/W1985270055","https://openalex.org/W1992249776","https://openalex.org/W1996800420","https://openalex.org/W2008241829","https://openalex.org/W2023933908","https://openalex.org/W2029129133","https://openalex.org/W2034411067","https://openalex.org/W2043339734","https://openalex.org/W2043935056","https://openalex.org/W2060970103","https://openalex.org/W2064102934","https://openalex.org/W2065343501","https://openalex.org/W2079813622","https://openalex.org/W2084483388","https://openalex.org/W2095631681","https://openalex.org/W2101163831","https://openalex.org/W2107516842","https://openalex.org/W2110673924","https://openalex.org/W2112194786","https://openalex.org/W2113142330","https://openalex.org/W2114589432","https://openalex.org/W2121569353","https://openalex.org/W2138076220","https://openalex.org/W2145535795","https://openalex.org/W2146831579","https://openalex.org/W2147545324","https://openalex.org/W2496366957","https://openalex.org/W4233552088","https://openalex.org/W4234976356","https://openalex.org/W4246701120","https://openalex.org/W6675954372","https://openalex.org/W6678245838","https://openalex.org/W6681744692","https://openalex.org/W6681963135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362367986","https://openalex.org/W2020974618","https://openalex.org/W2151177154","https://openalex.org/W2148525144","https://openalex.org/W4295118869","https://openalex.org/W2765873974","https://openalex.org/W2013467770","https://openalex.org/W4246764483","https://openalex.org/W2138584026","https://openalex.org/W2156440763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Little":[0],"is":[1,29,137],"known":[2],"about":[3],"the":[4,9,20,42,84,162],"cognitive":[5],"abilities":[6],"which":[7],"influence":[8],"comprehension":[10],"of":[11,19,77,86,108,114,165],"scientific":[12],"and":[13,16,103,116,161],"information":[14],"visualizations":[15,34],"what":[17,32],"properties":[18,164],"visualization":[21,63,69,101,144],"affect":[22],"comprehension.":[23],"Our":[24,130],"goal":[25,39],"in":[26,46,120,123],"this":[27,38,80,121],"paper":[28,106],"to":[30,62,90,125],"understand":[31],"makes":[33,66],"difficult.":[35],"We":[36],"address":[37],"by":[40],"examining":[41],"spatial":[43,52,59,109,127,135,151],"ability":[44,53,60,128,136,152],"differences":[45],"a":[47,67,99],"diverse":[48],"population":[49],"selected":[50],"for":[51,74],"variance.":[54,129],"For":[55],"example,":[56],"how":[57],"is,":[58],"related":[61],"comprehension?":[64],"What":[65],"particular":[68],"difficult":[70],"or":[71],"time":[72],"intensive":[73],"specific":[75],"groups":[76],"subjects?":[78],"In":[79],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"present":[83],"results":[85,131],"an":[87,166],"experiment":[88],"designed":[89],"answer":[91],"these":[92],"questions.":[93],"Fifty-six":[94],"subjects":[95,153],"were":[96,118],"tested":[97],"on":[98,141],"basic":[100],"task":[102],"given":[104],"standard":[105],"tests":[107],"abilities.":[110],"An":[111],"equal":[112],"number":[113],"males":[115],"females":[117],"recruited":[119],"study":[122],"order":[124],"increase":[126],"show":[132],"that":[133],"high":[134],"correlated":[138],"with":[139,148,158],"accuracy":[140],"our":[142],"three-dimensional":[143],"test,":[145],"but":[146],"not":[147],"time.":[149],"High":[150],"also":[154],"had":[155],"less":[156],"difficulty":[157],"object":[159],"complexity":[160],"hidden":[163],"object.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}