{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1551898434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/visual.2003.1250413","title":"A novel interface for higher-dimensional classification of volume data","display_name":"A novel interface for higher-dimensional classification of volume data","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1551898434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/visual.2003.1250413","mag":"1551898434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/visual.2003.1250413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/visual.2003.1250413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120877133","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","issn_l":"0885-3010","issn":["0885-3010","1525-8955","2373-7840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw8d3kv","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017629509","display_name":"Fan-Yin Tzeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan-Yin Tzeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California Davis, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Davis, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California Davis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Davis, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039256169","display_name":"Eric B. Lum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.B. Lum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California,\uc2a0Davis, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Davis, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California,\uc2a0Davis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Davis, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037161857","display_name":"Kwan\u2010Liu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-0366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwan-Liu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California Davis, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Davis, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California Davis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Davis, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98725212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"505","last_page":"512"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-rendering","display_name":"Volume rendering","score":0.8021479845046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7784771919250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6382675766944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.5833264589309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.5389002561569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opacity","display_name":"Opacity","score":0.5265548229217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5262210369110107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5200214385986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.4958883225917816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.49111196398735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47582533955574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-function","display_name":"Transfer function","score":0.4444595277309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.428517609834671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38480424880981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1599741280078888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30769735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165951","display_name":"Volume rendering","level":3,"score":0.8021479845046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7784771919250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6382675766944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5833264589309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5389002561569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.5265548229217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5262210369110107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5200214385986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.4958883225917816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.49111196398735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47582533955574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.4444595277309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.428517609834671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38480424880981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1599741280078888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/visual.2003.1250413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/visual.2003.1250413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120877133","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","issn_l":"0885-3010","issn":["0885-3010","1525-8955","2373-7840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt7xw8d3kv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw8d3kv","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw8d3kv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt7xw8d3kv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw8d3kv","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw8d3kv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tzeng, Fan-Yin; Ma, Kwan-Liu; & Lum, Eric. (2003). A Novel Interface for Higher-Dimensional Classification of Volume Data. in Proceedings of the IEEE Visualization 2003 Conference. UC Davis: Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw8d3kv","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt7xw8d3kv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw8d3kv","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xw8d3kv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1551898434.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1551898434.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223746243","https://openalex.org/W1503551126","https://openalex.org/W1534521585","https://openalex.org/W1561560534","https://openalex.org/W1573503290","https://openalex.org/W1964910730","https://openalex.org/W2006004974","https://openalex.org/W2008670488","https://openalex.org/W2011658854","https://openalex.org/W2020534355","https://openalex.org/W2073336401","https://openalex.org/W2104451730","https://openalex.org/W2108843657","https://openalex.org/W2109143255","https://openalex.org/W2117160391","https://openalex.org/W2119231080","https://openalex.org/W2123519478","https://openalex.org/W2126529813","https://openalex.org/W2153648842","https://openalex.org/W2161955943","https://openalex.org/W2169628609","https://openalex.org/W2364689401","https://openalex.org/W2540198878","https://openalex.org/W3121926921","https://openalex.org/W3141149520","https://openalex.org/W3145706096","https://openalex.org/W3152230474","https://openalex.org/W3201487222","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4232329362","https://openalex.org/W4244065811","https://openalex.org/W4300402905","https://openalex.org/W6641339634","https://openalex.org/W6677607127","https://openalex.org/W6707427023","https://openalex.org/W7067641364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161791806","https://openalex.org/W2397749199","https://openalex.org/W2065878317","https://openalex.org/W2073105412","https://openalex.org/W1545173001","https://openalex.org/W18768452","https://openalex.org/W2025364449","https://openalex.org/W2352781897","https://openalex.org/W4233522791","https://openalex.org/W2544035110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,6,38,54,58,102,108,116,141,147],"traditional":[2],"volume":[3,55,142],"visualization":[4],"paradigm,":[5],"user":[7,39,98,148],"specifies":[8],"a":[9,18,27,71],"transfer":[10,32,59],"function":[11,33,60],"that":[12,105,129],"assigns":[13],"each":[14],"scalar":[15],"value":[16,47],"to":[17,80,123],"color":[19,28],"and":[20,26,46,51,76,92,153],"opacity":[21,25],"by":[22],"defining":[23],"an":[24,96],"map":[29],"function.":[30],"The":[31,138],"has":[34],"two":[35],"limitations.":[36],"First,":[37],"must":[40],"define":[41,125],"curves":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44,112],"histogram":[45],"rather":[48],"than":[49],"seeing":[50],"working":[52],"with":[53],"itself.":[56],"Second,":[57],"is":[61,143],"inflexible":[62],"in":[63,133],"classifying":[64],"regions":[65,120],"of":[66,107,115,140,156,158],"interest,":[67],"where":[68],"values":[69],"at":[70],"voxel":[72],"such":[73,89],"as":[74,90,146],"intensity":[75],"gradient":[77],"are":[78,121],"used":[79,122],"differentiate":[81],"material,":[82],"not":[83],"talking":[84],"into":[85],"account":[86],"additional":[87],"properties":[88],"texture":[91],"position.":[93],"We":[94],"describe":[95],"intuitive":[97,152],"interface":[99],"for":[100,135],"specifying":[101],"classification":[103,127,139],"functions":[104,128],"consists":[106],"users":[109],"painting":[110],"directly":[111],"sample":[113],"slices":[114],"volume.":[117],"These":[118],"painted":[119],"automatically":[124],"high-dimensional":[126],"can":[130],"be":[131],"implemented":[132],"hardware":[134],"interactive":[136],"rendering.":[137],"iteratively":[144],"improved":[145],"paints":[149],"samples,":[150],"allowing":[151],"efficient":[154],"viewing":[155],"materials":[157],"interest.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}