{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069284707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2012.6240088","title":"Calibration-Free Approaches for Robust Wi-Fi Positioning against Device Diversity: A Performance Comparison","display_name":"Calibration-Free Approaches for Robust Wi-Fi Positioning against Device Diversity: A Performance Comparison","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069284707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2012.6240088","mag":"2069284707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecs.2012.6240088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2012.6240088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038450527","display_name":"Shih\u2010Hau Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-0257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Hau Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Yuan-Ze Univ., Chungli, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Yuan-Ze Univ., Chungli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037066780","display_name":"Chu-Hsuan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chu-Hsuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Yuan-Ze Univ., Chungli, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Yuan-Ze Univ., Chungli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040551808","display_name":"Sheng-Min Chiou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Min Chiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Yuan-Ze Univ., Chungli, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Yuan-Ze Univ., Chungli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030274443","display_name":"Po-Chiang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-4917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pochiang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan","Dept. of Commun. Eng., Yuan-Ze Univ., Chungli, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Commun. Eng., Yuan-Ze Univ., Chungli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038450527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95805287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.970841646194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8571244478225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.7753525972366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7376505136489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6875744462013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4808160066604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-improvement","display_name":"Performance improvement","score":0.46225589513778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4524858593940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.4458843767642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4027682840824127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2741197943687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17887085676193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14125871658325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07662752270698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07325813174247742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.970841646194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8571244478225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.7753525972366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7376505136489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6875744462013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4808160066604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.46225589513778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4524858593940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.4458843767642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4027682840824127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2741197943687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17887085676193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14125871658325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07662752270698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07325813174247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecs.2012.6240088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2012.6240088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541136496","https://openalex.org/W1862952379","https://openalex.org/W1994961964","https://openalex.org/W1999221939","https://openalex.org/W2015529002","https://openalex.org/W2015615685","https://openalex.org/W2028721837","https://openalex.org/W2044580285","https://openalex.org/W2046648245","https://openalex.org/W2054799039","https://openalex.org/W2073425767","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2112805769","https://openalex.org/W2113568926","https://openalex.org/W2117934391","https://openalex.org/W2118099695","https://openalex.org/W2120234055","https://openalex.org/W2124945426","https://openalex.org/W2130996742","https://openalex.org/W2142136129","https://openalex.org/W2143243918","https://openalex.org/W2162231928","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2493524207","https://openalex.org/W6639132235","https://openalex.org/W6681301362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162859609","https://openalex.org/W4200318234","https://openalex.org/W2022445516","https://openalex.org/W150547863","https://openalex.org/W2982532306","https://openalex.org/W1891938465","https://openalex.org/W1550605711","https://openalex.org/W1639914594","https://openalex.org/W2048360654","https://openalex.org/W2069284707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Received":[0],"signal":[1,82],"strength":[2,83],"(RSS)":[3],"in":[4,10,21,29,44,102,134,171],"Wi-Fi":[5,39,99],"networks":[6],"is":[7,17,72,95,136,165],"commonly":[8],"employed":[9],"indoor":[11,105],"positioning":[12,65,100],"systems;":[13],"however,":[14],"device":[15,68],"diversity":[16],"a":[18,103,108,111,186],"fundamental":[19],"problem":[20,25],"such":[22],"systems.":[23,173],"This":[24,70],"becomes":[26],"more":[27],"important":[28],"recent":[30],"years":[31],"due":[32],"to":[33,46,60,181],"the":[34,47,62,76,125,132,139,147,156,159,177],"tremendous":[35],"growth":[36],"of":[37,64,78,141,161,169,188],"new":[38],"devices,":[40],"which":[41],"perform":[42,121],"differently":[43],"respect":[45],"RSS":[48,127,170],"values":[49],"and":[50,90,110,149,163],"degrade":[51],"localization":[52],"performance":[53,77,93,160],"significantly.":[54],"Several":[55],"studies":[56],"have":[57],"proposed":[58],"methods":[59],"improve":[61],"robustness":[63,135],"systems":[66,101],"against":[67],"diversity.":[69],"paper":[71],"primarily":[73],"concerned":[74],"with":[75,128,185],"calibration-free":[79,119],"approaches,":[80],"including":[81,107],"difference":[84],"(SSD),":[85],"hyperbolic":[86],"location":[87],"fingerprinting":[88],"(HLF),":[89],"DIFF.":[91],"The":[92,114],"comparison":[94],"based":[96],"on":[97],"two":[98],"3-D":[104],"building,":[106],"zero-configuration":[109],"fingerprinting-based":[112],"system.":[113],"results":[115],"show":[116],"that":[117,168],"these":[118],"techniques":[120],"much":[122],"better":[123],"than":[124],"original":[126],"heterogeneous":[129],"devices.":[130],"However,":[131],"improvement":[133],"gained":[137],"at":[138],"expense":[140],"losing":[142],"some":[143],"discriminative":[144],"information.":[145],"When":[146],"testing":[148],"training":[150],"data":[151],"are":[152],"both":[153,172],"measured":[154],"from":[155,183],"same":[157],"device,":[158],"HLF":[162],"SSD":[164],"clearly":[166],"below":[167],"Although":[174],"DIFF":[175],"performs":[176],"best,":[178],"it":[179],"has":[180],"suffer":[182],"dealing":[184],"space":[187],"large":[189],"dimensions.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
