{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1851560679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2006.1683124","title":"Accurate BER Analysis of QPSK Modulated Asynchronous DS-CDMA Systems Communicating over Rayleigh Channels","display_name":"Accurate BER Analysis of QPSK Modulated Asynchronous DS-CDMA Systems Communicating over Rayleigh Channels","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1851560679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2006.1683124","mag":"1851560679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecs.2006.1683124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2006.1683124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262631/1/4-03D6.PDF","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044149137","display_name":"Xiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-3419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK","[School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Hanzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK","Sch. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Southampton Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Comput. Sci., Southampton Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3154,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62580339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"1640","last_page":"1644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.7834153175354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.6210907697677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6110474467277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.6018826365470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5949282050132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5157046914100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.470943808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.46481093764305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45835959911346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.44716158509254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4296102523803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.424932062625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-scattering","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","score":0.423021525144577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28202158212661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.21119573712348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14086699485778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13272538781166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.10920414328575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07298403978347778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.7834153175354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6210907697677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6110474467277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.6018826365470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5949282050132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5157046914100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.470943808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.46481093764305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45835959911346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.44716158509254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4296102523803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.424932062625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193709","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","level":2,"score":0.423021525144577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28202158212661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.21119573712348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14086699485778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13272538781166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.10920414328575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07298403978347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecs.2006.1683124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2006.1683124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:262631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262631/1/4-03D6.PDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:262631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262631/1/4-03D6.PDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1851560679.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1851560679.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490407662","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1985005711","https://openalex.org/W2011746409","https://openalex.org/W2036201099","https://openalex.org/W2046245205","https://openalex.org/W2097625976","https://openalex.org/W2098086950","https://openalex.org/W2098551799","https://openalex.org/W2102683988","https://openalex.org/W2104509652","https://openalex.org/W2109571791","https://openalex.org/W2114369809","https://openalex.org/W2121619878","https://openalex.org/W2122092743","https://openalex.org/W2125753402","https://openalex.org/W2129959646","https://openalex.org/W2143817421","https://openalex.org/W2146230050","https://openalex.org/W2149017262","https://openalex.org/W2154257639","https://openalex.org/W2155108530","https://openalex.org/W2163530667","https://openalex.org/W2163809772","https://openalex.org/W2164288113","https://openalex.org/W2170195771","https://openalex.org/W2170474237","https://openalex.org/W2170701362","https://openalex.org/W2567509985","https://openalex.org/W3128611524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785337709","https://openalex.org/W296567345","https://openalex.org/W3160586848","https://openalex.org/W2139813817","https://openalex.org/W2166826179","https://openalex.org/W2359770627","https://openalex.org/W2353706040","https://openalex.org/W4229460007","https://openalex.org/W2145781596","https://openalex.org/W2105809531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"accurate":[1,21,37],"average":[2],"BER":[3,38],"calculation":[4],"of":[5,31,62],"an":[6],"asynchronous":[7],"DS-CDMA":[8],"system":[9],"using":[10],"random":[11],"spreading":[12],"sequences":[13],"is":[14,24,40],"studied":[15],"in":[16],"Rayleigh":[17],"fading":[18],"channels.":[19],"An":[20,36],"closed-form":[22],"expression":[23,39],"derived":[25],"for":[26],"the":[27,32,59,63],"conditional":[28],"characteristic":[29],"function":[30],"multiple":[33],"access":[34],"interference.":[35],"provided,":[41],"which":[42],"only":[43],"requires":[44],"a":[45],"single":[46],"numerical":[47,50],"integration.":[48],"Our":[49],"simulation":[51],"results":[52],"verify":[53],"its":[54],"accuracy,":[55],"and":[56],"also":[57],"demonstrate":[58],"relative":[60],"inaccuracy":[61],"Gaussian":[64],"approximation.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}