{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081461412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2011.6093258","title":"Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios Using Distributed Q-Learning","display_name":"Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios Using Distributed Q-Learning","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081461412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2011.6093258","mag":"2081461412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecf.2011.6093258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2011.6093258","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068347478","display_name":"Olivier van den Biggelaar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olivier van den Biggelaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108502029","display_name":"Jean-Michel Dricot","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Michel Dricot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041719970","display_name":"Philippe De Doncker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-575X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe De Doncker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087786096","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Horlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5790-7031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois Horlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068347478"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15895917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.9286214113235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7510541677474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6215065717697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.611187756061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5879472494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-exchange","display_name":"Information exchange","score":0.5311899185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.48257699608802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-network","display_name":"Cognitive network","score":0.4717867076396942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4641847014427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4562249779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43407705426216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4260275065898895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3227010667324066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28619539737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13749292492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.10752221941947937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.9286214113235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7510541677474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6215065717697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.611187756061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5879472494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189693848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information exchange","level":2,"score":0.5311899185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.48257699608802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32542511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141225","display_name":"Cognitive network","level":4,"score":0.4717867076396942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4641847014427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4562249779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43407705426216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4260275065898895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3227010667324066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28619539737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13749292492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10752221941947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecf.2011.6093258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2011.6093258","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/116477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/116477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: Proc. of the IEEE 74th Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC-Fall","raw_type":"info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982637280","https://openalex.org/W2084436032","https://openalex.org/W2090049449","https://openalex.org/W2101124704","https://openalex.org/W2108924122","https://openalex.org/W2111018129","https://openalex.org/W2113726656","https://openalex.org/W2139418425","https://openalex.org/W2148963518","https://openalex.org/W2155999145","https://openalex.org/W2159351447","https://openalex.org/W2164701487","https://openalex.org/W3205737793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018726158","https://openalex.org/W2387652801","https://openalex.org/W2540573036","https://openalex.org/W1990934859","https://openalex.org/W2053336077","https://openalex.org/W2158337294","https://openalex.org/W1996746875","https://openalex.org/W2277261328","https://openalex.org/W2167656028","https://openalex.org/W2610471112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,74],"cognitive":[1,23,44,90],"radios":[2,45,91],"systems,":[3],"the":[4,16,19,34,60,70,85,89,97,100,105,108,115,118,121,125,130],"sparse":[5],"assigned":[6],"frequency":[7,20,126],"bands":[8],"are":[9],"opened":[10],"to":[11,52,65,83,113],"secondary":[12],"users.":[13],"We":[14],"consider":[15],"sensing":[17,35,50,86],"of":[18,99,107,120,127,129],"spectrum":[21],"for":[22],"radios,":[24],"based":[25],"on":[26],"energy":[27],"detection.":[28],"It":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"shown":[32],"that":[33,46,95],"reliability":[36],"can":[37],"be":[38],"improved":[39],"by":[40],"using":[41],"several":[42],"cooperating":[43],"exchange":[47],"their":[48],"individual":[49],"information":[51,62],"a":[53,67,79,93],"coordinator":[54,57],"node.":[55],"The":[56],"node":[58],"combines":[59],"received":[61],"in":[63,92],"order":[64],"make":[66],"decision":[68],"about":[69],"primary":[71],"network":[72],"presence.":[73],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"decentralized":[80],"Q-learning":[81],"algorithm":[82,110],"share":[84],"time":[87],"among":[88],"way":[94],"maximize":[96],"throughputs":[98],"radios.":[101],"Numerical":[102],"results":[103],"show":[104],"convergence":[106],"proposed":[109],"and":[111,124],"allow":[112],"discuss":[114],"exploration":[116],"strategy,":[117],"choice":[119],"cost":[122],"function":[123],"execution":[128],"algorithm.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}