{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406861230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip63160.2024.10849930","title":"Handling Class Imbalance in Black-Box Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling","display_name":"Handling Class Imbalance in Black-Box Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406861230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip63160.2024.10849930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcip63160.2024.10849930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip63160.2024.10849930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111214514","display_name":"Yawen Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yawen Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toyama,Graduate School of Science &amp; Engineering,Toyama,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toyama,Graduate School of Science &amp; Engineering,Toyama,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030845704","display_name":"Chunzhi Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-337X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136259955","display_name":"Toyohashi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezg6d83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunzhi Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyohashi University of Technology,Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering,Toyohashi,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyohashi University of Technology,Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering,Toyohashi,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102681203","display_name":"Wang Zi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7487-0799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37367598","display_name":"Niigata Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w6mtb84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37367598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Niigata University,Institute of Science &amp; Technology,Niigata,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Niigata University,Institute of Science &amp; Technology,Niigata,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37367598","https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765202","display_name":"Guang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-3757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,MDS Center,Hokkaido,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,MDS Center,Hokkaido,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101659303","display_name":"Jun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-0294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37367598","display_name":"Niigata Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w6mtb84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37367598"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Niigata University,Institute of Science &amp; Technology,Niigata,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Niigata University,Institute of Science &amp; Technology,Niigata,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37367598","https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089283853","display_name":"Chao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42766147","display_name":"University of Toyama","ror":"https://ror.org/0445phv87","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toyama,Faculty of Engineering,Toyama,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toyama,Faculty of Engineering,Toyama,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111214514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42766147"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24347536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9524000287055969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9524000287055969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10515","display_name":"Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.6891757249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6511417031288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.573666512966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5510639548301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5066342949867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.49478405714035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.49045225977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4437091648578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33158671855926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.166122704744339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11917087435722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09065577387809753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.6891757249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6511417031288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.573666512966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5510639548301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5066342949867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.49478405714035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.49045225977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4437091648578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33158671855926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.166122704744339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11917087435722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09065577387809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcip63160.2024.10849930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip63160.2024.10849930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2612634114","https://openalex.org/W2627183927","https://openalex.org/W2786808285","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W3167251133","https://openalex.org/W4312283073","https://openalex.org/W4318975292","https://openalex.org/W4385767717","https://openalex.org/W4390871923","https://openalex.org/W6687400500","https://openalex.org/W6746171285","https://openalex.org/W6764733053","https://openalex.org/W6770196601","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6788079038","https://openalex.org/W6868719210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394775207","https://openalex.org/W4389474468","https://openalex.org/W2155206396","https://openalex.org/W4300172004","https://openalex.org/W3203792196","https://openalex.org/W4321649381","https://openalex.org/W2997645659","https://openalex.org/W3180787869","https://openalex.org/W2955455867","https://openalex.org/W4295929828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Black-box":[0],"unsupervised":[1],"domain":[2,15,19],"adaptation":[3],"(BBUDA)":[4],"is":[5,133,147],"a":[6,45,135,149],"challenging":[7],"task":[8],"that":[9,83,157],"transfers":[10],"knowledge":[11],"from":[12,111],"the":[13,17,23,39,49,53,61,70,102,112,126,130,140,144,162,168,171],"source":[14,24,27,40],"to":[16,22,42,79,97],"target":[18,50,172],"without":[20],"access":[21],"data":[25,34,93,110,115],"and":[26,52,76,139,165],"model,":[28],"thus":[29],"alleviating":[30],"public":[31],"concerns":[32],"about":[33],"security.":[35],"However,":[36],"BBUDA":[37],"requires":[38],"model":[41],"function":[43],"as":[44],"black-box":[46],"predictor":[47],"for":[48,101,121],"data,":[51],"pseudo-labels":[54],"often":[55,85],"exhibit":[56],"class":[57,128,142,163],"imbalance,":[58],"which":[59,125],"degrades":[60],"performance.":[62],"To":[63],"tackle":[64],"this":[65],"problem,":[66],"we":[67,88,106],"propose":[68],"employing":[69],"synthetic":[71,99],"minority":[72,103,127],"oversampling":[73],"technique":[74],"(SMOTE)":[75],"adaptive":[77,118],"sampling":[78,119,137,151],"rebalance":[80],"data.":[81],"Given":[82],"predictions":[84],"contain":[86],"errors,":[87],"first":[89],"select":[90,108],"reliable":[91],"high-confidence":[92,109],"before":[94],"using":[95],"SMOTE":[96],"generate":[98],"samples":[100],"class.":[104],"Second,":[105],"incrementally":[107],"remaining":[113],"low-confidence":[114],"with":[116],"an":[117],"rate":[120,138],"each":[122],"class,":[123],"in":[124],"(with":[129,143],"fewest":[131],"samples)":[132,146],"assigned":[134,148],"higher":[136],"majority":[141],"most":[145],"lower":[150],"rate.":[152],"The":[153],"experimental":[154],"results":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"our":[158],"method":[159],"can":[160],"mitigate":[161],"imbalance":[164],"further":[166],"improve":[167],"performance":[169],"of":[170],"model.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
