{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316660101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip56404.2022.10008862","title":"SAD360: Spherical Viewport-Aware Dynamic Tiling for 360-Degree Video Streaming","display_name":"SAD360: Spherical Viewport-Aware Dynamic Tiling for 360-Degree Video Streaming","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316660101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip56404.2022.10008862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcip56404.2022.10008862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip56404.2022.10008862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608486","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450024","display_name":"Zhijun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-488X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100703530","display_name":"Yumei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2450-6252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yumei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345725","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-1789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewport","display_name":"Viewport","score":0.9944761991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8495290279388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4880427420139313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.39051419496536255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778090530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2523931","display_name":"Viewport","level":2,"score":0.9944761991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8495290279388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4880427420139313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.39051419496536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcip56404.2022.10008862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip56404.2022.10008862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608486","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2507174453","https://openalex.org/W2622637199","https://openalex.org/W2624991012","https://openalex.org/W2743147997","https://openalex.org/W2913640218","https://openalex.org/W2920378308","https://openalex.org/W3003231634","https://openalex.org/W3003549355","https://openalex.org/W3009393808","https://openalex.org/W3085860306","https://openalex.org/W3159074940","https://openalex.org/W6692846177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4389095575","https://openalex.org/W2134504249","https://openalex.org/W1204633849","https://openalex.org/W4238190924","https://openalex.org/W1481174557","https://openalex.org/W4214597994","https://openalex.org/W347409336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,29,149,172,221],"kind":[2],"of":[3,32,47,99,137,206,209],"medium":[4],"that":[5,135,216],"provides":[6],"strongly":[7],"immersive":[8],"experience,":[9],"360\u00b0":[10,101,130],"videos":[11],"suffer":[12],"greatly":[13],"from":[14],"pixel":[15],"inefficiency":[16],"as":[17,54],"the":[18,57,65,75,89,97,112,119,147,157,193,204],"content":[19],"will":[20],"not":[21],"be":[22,115,141],"fully":[23],"viewed":[24],"by":[25,91,143,164],"users,":[26],"leading":[27],"to":[28,41,62,64,74,110,155,179,183,190,192,202],"high-bandwidth":[30],"requirement":[31],"streaming.":[33],"Recently,":[34],"Tile-based":[35],"streaming":[36],"systems":[37,49,87],"have":[38],"become":[39],"popular":[40],"lower":[42],"bandwidth":[43],"usage.":[44],"However,":[45,103],"most":[46],"these":[48],"inevitably":[50],"treat":[51],"non-viewport":[52],"areas":[53,139],"viewport":[55,66,120,194],"because":[56,104],"fixed":[58,228],"tiling":[59,70,86,92,151,159,229],"configuration":[60,71,160],"fails":[61],"adapt":[63,73,191],"effectively.":[67,195],"A":[68],"finer-grained":[69],"helps":[72],"viewport,":[76],"but":[77],"also":[78,197],"introduces":[79,107],"significant":[80],"encoding":[81,185],"overhead.":[82],"Recently":[83],"proposed":[84,154],"dynamic":[85,150],"address":[88],"issue":[90],"chunks":[93],"dynamically":[94],"based":[95],"on":[96,146,171],"features":[98],"projected":[100],"videos.":[102],"projection":[105],"inherently":[106],"serious":[108],"distortion":[109],"image,":[111],"results":[113],"can":[114,140,219],"misleading.":[116],"To":[117],"overcome":[118],"adaption":[121],"problem,":[122],"we":[123],"propose":[124],"Spherical":[125],"Viewport-Aware":[126],"Dynamic":[127],"Tiling":[128],"for":[129,161],"Video":[131],"Streaming":[132],"(SAD360).":[133],"Given":[134],"popularity":[136],"different":[138],"reflected":[142],"viewers'":[144],"behaviours":[145],"whole,":[148],"algorithm":[152,175],"is":[153],"find":[156],"optimal":[158],"each":[162],"chunk":[163],"analysing":[165],"head":[166],"movement":[167],"data":[168],"in":[169,212],"hand":[170],"sphere.":[173],"The":[174],"tries":[176],"its":[177],"best":[178],"generate":[180],"bigger":[181],"tiles":[182,210],"reduce":[184],"overhead":[186],"and":[187],"still":[188],"manages":[189],"We":[196],"use":[198],"Reinforcement":[199],"Learning":[200],"(RL)":[201],"solve":[203],"problem":[205],"bitrate":[207],"allocation":[208],"varying":[211],"size.":[213],"Experiments":[214],"demonstrate":[215],"our":[217],"system":[218],"get":[220],"14%":[222],"average":[223],"QoE":[224],"gain":[225],"compared":[226],"with":[227],"configuration.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}