{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206119910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip53242.2021.9675402","title":"HCiT: Deepfake Video Detection Using a Hybrid Model of CNN features and Vision Transformer","display_name":"HCiT: Deepfake Video Detection Using a Hybrid Model of CNN features and Vision Transformer","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206119910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip53242.2021.9675402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcip53242.2021.9675402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip53242.2021.9675402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608378","display_name":"2021 International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085176162","display_name":"Bachir Kaddar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-8683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106700","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 IBN Khaldoun Tiaret","ror":"https://ror.org/018jjaw76","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106700"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bachir Kaddar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055759473","display_name":"Sid Ahmed Fezza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116811","display_name":"Institut National des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication","ror":"https://ror.org/023rzn231","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116811"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sid Ahmed Fezza","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Telecommunications and ICT, Oran, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Telecommunications and ICT, Oran, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116811"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114039161","display_name":"Wassim Hamidouche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28221208","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/04xaa4j22","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28221208"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100151","display_name":"Institut d'\u00c9lectronique et des Technologies du num\u00e9Rique","ror":"https://ror.org/013q33h79","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210100151","https://openalex.org/I56067802","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56067802","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/015m7wh34","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wassim Hamidouche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, IETR - UMR 6164, Rennes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, IETR - UMR 6164, Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I56067802","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210100151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056705041","display_name":"Zahid Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-5416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90965887","display_name":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/000fxgx19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahid Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013928164","display_name":"Abdenour Hadid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-735X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70348806","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Polytechnique Hauts-de-France","ror":"https://ror.org/02ezch769","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70348806"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdenour Hadid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 8520-IEMN, Valenciennes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 8520-IEMN, Valenciennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085176162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8542,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83939307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8446799516677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7239977717399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6665427684783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6310670971870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5348092317581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.49273040890693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48990267515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44139671325683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.43598994612693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.42426079511642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4165806174278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06726247072219849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8446799516677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7239977717399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6665427684783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6310670971870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5348092317581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.49273040890693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48990267515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44139671325683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.43598994612693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.42426079511642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4165806174278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06726247072219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcip53242.2021.9675402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip53242.2021.9675402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608378","display_name":"2021 International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03540151v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03540151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), Dec 2021, Munich, Germany. pp.1-5, ⟨10.1109/VCIP53242.2021.9675402⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412509443","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2786289897","https://openalex.org/W2883289607","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2913399670","https://openalex.org/W2945262873","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2963616706","https://openalex.org/W2963720850","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W2989863609","https://openalex.org/W3019200173","https://openalex.org/W3038930935","https://openalex.org/W3040168631","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3125803510","https://openalex.org/W3128609017","https://openalex.org/W3135809943","https://openalex.org/W3136416617","https://openalex.org/W3137278571","https://openalex.org/W3141468933","https://openalex.org/W3142085127","https://openalex.org/W3154326567","https://openalex.org/W3162020795","https://openalex.org/W4288090950","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6694260854","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6753525651","https://openalex.org/W6754462837","https://openalex.org/W6762480454","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6769705151","https://openalex.org/W6770467741","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6790220185","https://openalex.org/W6791334480","https://openalex.org/W6791783338","https://openalex.org/W6792139253","https://openalex.org/W6792762529","https://openalex.org/W6793932389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W3083152911","https://openalex.org/W3022347918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,174],"number":[1,41],"of":[2,35,42,89,171],"new":[3,56],"falsified":[4],"video":[5,126],"contents":[6],"is":[7,127,177],"dramatically":[8],"increasing,":[9],"making":[10],"the":[11,33,87,96,102,109,114,143,147,152,157],"need":[12],"to":[13,91,100],"develop":[14],"effective":[15],"deepfake":[16,27,57,67,172],"detection":[17,28,68,103],"methods":[18],"more":[19],"urgent":[20],"than":[21],"ever.":[22],"Even":[23],"though":[24],"many":[25],"existing":[26],"approaches":[29],"show":[30,145],"promising":[31],"results,":[32],"majority":[34],"them":[36],"still":[37],"suffer":[38],"from":[39,113],"a":[40,66,124,161],"critical":[43],"limitations.":[44],"In":[45,105,155],"general,":[46],"poor":[47],"generalization":[48,165],"results":[49,144],"have":[50],"been":[51],"obtained":[52],"under":[53],"unseen":[54],"or":[55,129],"generation":[58],"methods.":[59,154],"Consequently,":[60],"in":[61],"this":[62,106],"paper,":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"method":[69,149,159],"called":[70],"HCiT,":[71],"which":[72],"combines":[73],"Convolutional":[74],"Neural":[75],"Network":[76],"(CNN)":[77],"with":[78,95],"Vision":[79],"Transformer":[80],"(ViT).":[81],"HCiT":[83,158],"hybrid":[84,107],"architecture":[85],"exploits":[86],"advantages":[88],"CNN":[90,115],"extract":[92],"local":[93],"information":[94],"ViT's":[97],"self-attention":[98],"mechanism":[99],"improve":[101],"accuracy.":[104],"architecture,":[108],"feature":[110],"maps":[111],"extracted":[112],"are":[116],"feed":[117],"into":[118],"ViT":[119],"model":[120],"that":[121,146],"determines":[122],"whether":[123],"specific":[125],"fake":[128],"real.":[130],"Experiments":[131],"were":[132],"performed":[133],"on":[134,166],"Faceforensics++":[135],"and":[136,142],"DeepFake":[137],"Detection":[138],"Challenge":[139],"preview":[140],"datasets,":[141],"proposed":[148],"significantly":[150],"outperforms":[151],"state-of-the-art":[153],"addition,":[156],"shows":[160],"great":[162],"capacity":[163],"for":[164],"datasets":[167],"covering":[168],"various":[169],"techniques":[170],"generation.":[173],"source":[175],"code":[176],"available":[178],"at:":[179],"https://github.com/KADDAR-Bachir/HCiT":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}