{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3117112981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip49819.2020.9301775","title":"Optimization of Sliding-DCT Based Gaussian Filtering for Hardware Accelerator","display_name":"Optimization of Sliding-DCT Based Gaussian Filtering for Hardware Accelerator","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3117112981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip49819.2020.9301775","mag":"3117112981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcip49819.2020.9301775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip49819.2020.9301775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086852623","display_name":"Tomoki Otsuka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197274945","display_name":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/055yf1005","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoki Otsuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagoya Institute of Technology,Japan","Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya Institute of Technology,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074752282","display_name":"Norishige Fukushima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-6407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197274945","display_name":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/055yf1005","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norishige Fukushima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagoya Institute of Technology,Japan","Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya Institute of Technology,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011332155","display_name":"Y. Maeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6919-637X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihiro Maeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo University of Science,Japan","Tokyo University of Science, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Science,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Science, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075192946","display_name":"Kenjiro Sugimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7957-3411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenjiro Sugimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University,Japan","Waseda University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066452160","display_name":"Sei\u2010ichiro Kamata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1496-2417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sei-ichiro Kamata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University,Japan","Waseda University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73435223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"423","last_page":"426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.8041682839393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.7831158638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-blur","display_name":"Gaussian blur","score":0.7178186774253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-filter","display_name":"Gaussian filter","score":0.7134456634521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6526482105255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6461747884750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6159678101539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5505715012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jerk","display_name":"Jerk","score":0.5369550585746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5125834345817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.49984097480773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.4923304319381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.481586217880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-function","display_name":"Gaussian function","score":0.4658872187137604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4439627230167389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3000665307044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2862015962600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23478081822395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.23124340176582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.21725106239318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.1894441843032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1607547104358673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.8041682839393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.7831158638000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894545","display_name":"Gaussian blur","level":5,"score":0.7178186774253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65892221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113935","display_name":"Gaussian filter","level":3,"score":0.7134456634521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6526482105255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6461747884750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6159678101539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5505715012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181605269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497332","display_name":"Jerk","level":3,"score":0.5369550585746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5125834345817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.49984097480773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.4923304319381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.481586217880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7218915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054475","display_name":"Gaussian function","level":3,"score":0.4658872187137604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4439627230167389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3000665307044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2862015962600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23478081822395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.23124340176582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.21725106239318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.1894441843032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1607547104358673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcip49819.2020.9301775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcip49819.2020.9301775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8278483492","display_name":"Building Accelerated Denoising Algorithms for Graph Signal Processing","funder_award_id":"18K18076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553254033","https://openalex.org/W1973250327","https://openalex.org/W1978010612","https://openalex.org/W1981542807","https://openalex.org/W2053630361","https://openalex.org/W2087380704","https://openalex.org/W2106884232","https://openalex.org/W2120980861","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2132361536","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2170058206","https://openalex.org/W2173710661","https://openalex.org/W2321334235","https://openalex.org/W2798107309","https://openalex.org/W2802101329","https://openalex.org/W2920916558","https://openalex.org/W2922204385","https://openalex.org/W2970837836","https://openalex.org/W2970950544","https://openalex.org/W3090751329","https://openalex.org/W3090912959","https://openalex.org/W3135539469","https://openalex.org/W6679661301","https://openalex.org/W6791805117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220715471","https://openalex.org/W4297891612","https://openalex.org/W2369676483","https://openalex.org/W2945089857","https://openalex.org/W2047673508","https://openalex.org/W2994298368","https://openalex.org/W1492046297","https://openalex.org/W2149610608","https://openalex.org/W2808407985","https://openalex.org/W4313854624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gaussian":[0,73,122],"filtering":[1,123],"is":[2,13,26],"a":[3,28,33],"smoothing":[4],"filter":[5,74],"used":[6],"in":[7,46,100,135],"various":[8],"tasks.":[9],"The":[10,104],"main":[11],"disadvantage":[12],"the":[14,17,37,43,54,61,70,79,84,92,119,125,131],"dependence":[15],"of":[16,48,63,83,97,118,133,137],"processing":[18],"time":[19,139],"on":[20,91],"its":[21],"kernel":[22,38],"radius.":[23],"One":[24],"solution":[25],"using":[27],"sliding-discreet":[29],"cosine":[30],"transform":[31],"(DCT),":[32],"constant-time":[34],"algorithm":[35],"for":[36,124],"radius,":[39],"and":[40,51,56,110,140],"it":[41,134],"provides":[42],"best":[44],"performance":[45,132],"terms":[47,136],"both":[49],"speed":[50,55],"accuracy.":[52,142],"However,":[53],"accuracy":[57],"differ":[58],"according":[59],"to":[60],"type":[62],"DCT":[64],"used.":[65],"We":[66,113],"can":[67],"also":[68],"accelerate":[69],"sliding-DCT":[71,120],"based":[72,121],"by":[75],"hardware":[76,98],"accelerators,":[77],"but":[78],"acceleration":[80,116],"requires":[81],"modification":[82],"algorithms.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87],"paper,":[88],"we":[89,129],"focus":[90],"fused":[93],"multiply-add":[94],"(FMA)":[95],"instruction":[96,106],"accelerators":[99],"modern":[101],"computer":[102],"architectures.":[103],"FMA":[105,126],"simultaneously":[107],"performs":[108],"multiplication":[109],"addition,":[111],"i.e.,ax+b.":[112],"proposed":[114],"an":[115],"method":[117],"instruction.":[127],"Moreover,":[128],"evaluate":[130],"computational":[138],"approximation":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
