{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125770979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcc67261.2025.11351151","title":"Power-Line Physical-Layer Key Generation Study Based on Low Complexity 3-Wire 4-Port Modeling","display_name":"Power-Line Physical-Layer Key Generation Study Based on Low Complexity 3-Wire 4-Port Modeling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125770979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcc67261.2025.11351151"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcc67261.2025.11351151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcc67261.2025.11351151","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Virtual Conference on Communications (VCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052454991","display_name":"Werner Henkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4959-8560"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Werner Henkel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123993618","display_name":"Tai Him Yim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tai Him Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123979586","display_name":"Aditya Ojha","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Ojha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123919228","display_name":"Sumit Giri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumit Giri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010758264","display_name":"Ehsan Olyaei Torshizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-0907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Olyaei Torshizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Constructor University Bremen,Bremen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Constructor University Bremen,Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65991556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.3165000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.3165000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.05999999865889549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11444","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression","score":0.043699998408555984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-transfer-matrix-analysis","display_name":"Ray transfer matrix analysis","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.351500004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185268424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760601","display_name":"Ray transfer matrix analysis","level":2,"score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103275481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6787889","display_name":"Matrix representation","level":3,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vcc67261.2025.11351151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vcc67261.2025.11351151","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Virtual Conference on Communications (VCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606730456","https://openalex.org/W2131428562","https://openalex.org/W2290634991","https://openalex.org/W2887292927","https://openalex.org/W2919776248","https://openalex.org/W3045685747","https://openalex.org/W4200339013","https://openalex.org/W4394744167"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,153],"first":[1,132,199],"present":[2],"a":[3,11,72,86,131,160],"simplified":[4],"full":[5],"ABCD":[6,52,64,82,88,107],"or":[7,53],"Smatrix":[8],"model":[9,76],"for":[10,67,77,112,185,197,204],"3-wire":[12],"powerline":[13],"grid":[14],"connection":[15],"to":[16,23,27,109,166,169,178,195,202],"support":[17],"our":[18],"simulations":[19],"of":[20,37,79,116,119],"physical-layer":[21],"security":[22],"finally":[24,110],"be":[25,167],"able":[26],"obtain":[28],"statically":[29],"significant":[30],"results.":[31],"Typical":[32],"in-house":[33],"power-line":[34],"cables":[35],"consist":[36],"three":[38],"wires":[39],"labeled":[40],"L":[41,95],"(Line),":[42],"N":[43,97],"(Neutral),":[44],"and":[45,96,105,122,180,187,200],"PE":[46],"(Protective":[47],"Earth).":[48],"$4":[49],"\\times":[50,62],"4$":[51],"S-parameter":[54],"matrices":[55],"are":[56,98,190],"derived":[57],"from":[58],"the":[59,80,117,150,156,181,198,205],"well-known":[60],"$2":[61],"2$":[63],"matrix":[65,83,108,114],"known":[66],"2-conductor":[68],"transmission":[69],"lines":[70],"including":[71],"FEXT":[73],"(Far-End":[74],"CrossTalk)":[75],"8":[78],"16":[81],"elements.":[84,171],"For":[85],"point-to-point":[87],"matrix,":[89],"bridge":[90,123],"taps":[91,124],"with":[92],"loads":[93,148],"over":[94],"represented":[99],"by":[100],"their":[101],"corresponding":[102],"$\\Delta$":[103],"circuit":[104],"its":[106],"allow":[111],"simple":[113],"multiplication":[115],"cascade":[118],"such":[120],"line":[121],"elements":[125],"between":[126],"two":[127],"end":[128],"points.":[129],"As":[130],"application":[133],"that":[134,155],"promises":[135],"secret":[136],"key":[137,170,174,182],"generation":[138],"we":[139],"study":[140],"transfer":[141],"functions":[142],"when":[143],"introducing":[144],"randomly":[145],"changing":[146],"reactive":[147],"at":[149,159],"legitimate":[151,186],"terminals.":[152],"observe":[154],"phase":[157],"response":[158],"certain":[161],"frequency":[162],"is":[163,176],"very":[164],"suitable":[165],"mapped":[168],"The":[172],"resulting":[173],"distribution":[175],"close":[177,194,201],"uniform":[179],"disagreement":[183],"rates":[184],"eavesdropping":[188],"channels":[189],"almost":[191],"ideal,":[192],"i.e.,":[193],"zero":[196],"0.5":[203],"latter.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}
