{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2968835698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/uemcon.2018.8796700","title":"An Improved Accuracy Model Employing an e-Navigation System","display_name":"An Improved Accuracy Model Employing an e-Navigation System","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2968835698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/uemcon.2018.8796700","mag":"2968835698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/uemcon.2018.8796700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/uemcon.2018.8796700","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 9th IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014180318","display_name":"Caspar K. Lebekwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-0768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216286881","display_name":"Botswana International University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr2sq58","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caspar K Lebekwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye","Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081589852","display_name":"Abid Yahya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-8315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216286881","display_name":"Botswana International University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr2sq58","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abid Yahya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye","Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216286881"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062665328","display_name":"I. Astin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-6286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Astin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96326142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"152","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6827515959739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.6658248901367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5997124910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.525205671787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.48381274938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.47309568524360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39051058888435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32378190755844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31221067905426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.2552852928638458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23430481553077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09617283940315247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6827515959739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.6658248901367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5997124910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.525205671787262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.48381274938583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.47309568524360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39051058888435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32378190755844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31221067905426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.2552852928638458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23430481553077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09617283940315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/uemcon.2018.8796700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/uemcon.2018.8796700","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 9th IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W624524706","https://openalex.org/W776150296","https://openalex.org/W1523906807","https://openalex.org/W1841798920","https://openalex.org/W1995739261","https://openalex.org/W2075772787","https://openalex.org/W2106711797","https://openalex.org/W2140638429","https://openalex.org/W2185112291","https://openalex.org/W2187411508","https://openalex.org/W2543342044","https://openalex.org/W2596094811","https://openalex.org/W2604885228","https://openalex.org/W2724706116","https://openalex.org/W6619504310","https://openalex.org/W6631451472","https://openalex.org/W6686501431","https://openalex.org/W6686818907","https://openalex.org/W6734999518","https://openalex.org/W6736029634","https://openalex.org/W6740086825","https://openalex.org/W6998577107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955195711","https://openalex.org/W2352106811","https://openalex.org/W185487634","https://openalex.org/W3211349153","https://openalex.org/W3197945871","https://openalex.org/W4401705762","https://openalex.org/W4206403064","https://openalex.org/W2602888279","https://openalex.org/W921819532","https://openalex.org/W1609655300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"eLoran":[0,25,52,76,137,166,245],"needs":[1],"to":[2,13,22,130,234,254,281],"satisfy":[3],"the":[4,34,37,45,84,88,101,105,111,116,120,132,139,164,181,190,203,210,215,219,239,268,277],"user":[5],"requirements":[6,205],"for":[7,56,75,145,151,206,229],"accuracy,":[8],"availability,":[9],"continuity":[10],"and":[11,60,70,144,148,156,184,226,271],"integrity":[12],"fulfil":[14],"its":[15],"envisioned":[16],"role":[17],"as":[18,286],"a":[19,67],"backup":[20],"system":[21,167],"GPS.":[23,235],"The":[24,92,124,159,260],"accuracy":[26,53,135,171],"performance":[27,54],"at":[28,119,189],"receiver":[29,122],"locations":[30],"is":[31,90],"dependent":[32],"on":[33,51,63,110],"variations":[35],"of":[36,78,94,104,115,136,172,217,241,250,262,279],"Additional":[38],"Secondary":[39],"Factor":[40],"caused":[41],"by":[42],"changes":[43,106],"in":[44,87,107,154,180,209,257],"ground":[46],"conductivity.":[47],"This":[48,236],"paper":[49],"focuses":[50],"analysis":[55],"maritime":[57,142],"harbour":[58,146],"entrance":[59,147],"approach.":[61],"Based":[62],"observational":[64],"ASF":[65],"data,":[66],"new,":[68],"updated":[69],"more":[71,244],"accurate":[72],"empirical":[73],"model":[74,126],"time":[77,93],"arrival":[79,95],"variance":[80,96],"that":[81,162,238],"improves":[82],"upon":[83],"existing":[85],"models":[86],"literature":[89],"proposed.":[91],"algorithm":[97],"developed":[98,125],"herein":[99],"incorporates":[100],"long-term":[102],"effects":[103],"terrain":[108],"conductivity":[109],"pseudorange":[112],"measurement":[113],"errors":[114],"received":[117],"signals":[118],"user's":[121],"location.":[123],"has":[127],"been":[128],"used":[129],"determine":[131],"diluted":[133],"position":[134],"over":[138],"North":[140,182],"European":[141,165],"region,":[143],"approach":[149],"(HEA)":[150],"SOLAS":[152,191],"ports":[153,192],"Ireland":[155,251],"United":[157],"Kingdom.":[158],"results":[160,261],"show":[161],"if":[163,193],"was":[168,196],"reintroduced,":[169],"positioning":[170,220],"less":[173,185],"than":[174,186],"20":[175],"m":[176,188,225],"would":[177,201,222],"be":[178,227],"achievable":[179],"Sea":[183],"10":[187],"differential":[194],"Loran":[195],"also":[197,266],"available":[198],"there.":[199],"These":[200],"meet":[202],"navigational":[204],"HEA.":[207],"However,":[208],"Irish":[211],"sea":[212,274],"down":[213],"through":[214],"Bay":[216],"Biscay,":[218],"error":[221],"exceed":[223],"80":[224],"unacceptable":[228],"marine":[230],"navigation,":[231],"especially":[232],"compared":[233],"suggests":[237],"inclusion":[240],"two":[242],"or":[243],"transmitters":[246],"located":[247],"further":[248],"South-West":[249],"are":[252],"needed":[253],"enhance":[255],"coverage":[256],"this":[258,263],"area.":[259],"work":[264],"can":[265],"provide":[267],"radio":[269],"planners":[270],"authorities":[272],"regulating":[273],"traffic":[275],"with":[276],"insight":[278],"where":[280],"deploy":[282],"new":[283],"resources":[284],"such":[285],"reference":[287],"stations.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}