{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160417926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3687883","title":"Robustness of Polarization Shift Keying Against Hardware Impairments","display_name":"Robustness of Polarization Shift Keying Against Hardware Impairments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160417926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3687883"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3687883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3687883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135530471","display_name":"Yiwen Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029956797","display_name":"Zi-Yang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi-Yang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5334-3686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135058132","display_name":"Zhuowei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuowei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2453-1756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135481463","display_name":"Muhammad Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-9747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63920570","display_name":"Tennessee Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/05drmrq39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63920570"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cybersecurity Education, Research, and Outreach Center (CEROC), Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-9747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cybersecurity Education, Research, and Outreach Center (CEROC), Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63920570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135440232","display_name":"Wenhe Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Chip Identification Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Chip Identification Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320402","display_name":"Jiliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-6841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-6841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46909573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"16215","last_page":"16228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.1826999932527542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.1826999932527542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.09830000251531601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.06960000097751617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7050999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"On-off keying","score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-shift-keying","display_name":"Minimum-shift keying","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.37950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7050999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6712999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477284","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170030856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128","display_name":"On-off keying","level":5,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55857970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4156818","display_name":"Minimum-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127240579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477229","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3687883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3687883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2357774505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N25GFZ027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G317207502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62573096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4534503002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC2403116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5515650817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N25ZLH010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558991445","https://openalex.org/W2006682223","https://openalex.org/W2044547568","https://openalex.org/W2098929637","https://openalex.org/W2101397645","https://openalex.org/W2109191808","https://openalex.org/W2111627033","https://openalex.org/W2125669974","https://openalex.org/W2154259636","https://openalex.org/W2161181093","https://openalex.org/W2537042462","https://openalex.org/W2567698587","https://openalex.org/W2613637551","https://openalex.org/W2734699100","https://openalex.org/W2765535336","https://openalex.org/W2802430384","https://openalex.org/W2803679315","https://openalex.org/W2907914967","https://openalex.org/W2929383960","https://openalex.org/W2953774333","https://openalex.org/W2975551975","https://openalex.org/W2980474627","https://openalex.org/W2982356867","https://openalex.org/W3002317518","https://openalex.org/W3004882514","https://openalex.org/W3004905205","https://openalex.org/W3016192285","https://openalex.org/W3042376287","https://openalex.org/W3093519080","https://openalex.org/W3135726078","https://openalex.org/W3155492253","https://openalex.org/W3162040904","https://openalex.org/W3196455486","https://openalex.org/W3198340234","https://openalex.org/W3210604793","https://openalex.org/W4256217385","https://openalex.org/W4293094918","https://openalex.org/W4312982611","https://openalex.org/W4313064391","https://openalex.org/W4387717473","https://openalex.org/W4391092832","https://openalex.org/W4399422130","https://openalex.org/W4405599560","https://openalex.org/W4406610827","https://openalex.org/W4408610946","https://openalex.org/W4409426657","https://openalex.org/W4413822375","https://openalex.org/W4415178533"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polarization":[0],"shift":[1],"keying":[2],"(PolarSK)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"demonstrated":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,21,34],"spectrally":[9],"efficient":[10],"single-radio-frequency":[11],"(RF)":[12],"multiple-input":[13],"multiple-output":[14],"(MIMO)":[15],"technique.":[16],"We":[17,70],"herein":[18],"further":[19],"reveal":[20],"pivotal":[22],"characteristic":[23],"of":[24,80],"PolarSK:":[25],"The":[26,91],"inherent":[27],"robustness":[28,121],"to":[29,109,131],"hardware":[30,55,60,83,127],"impairments,":[31,56,84],"which":[32,57],"provides":[33],"theoretical":[35,92],"guarantee":[36],"for":[37,49],"practical":[38],"implementation.":[39],"Specifically,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"the":[43,50,72,87,96,100,116],"first":[44],"performance":[45],"degradation":[46,124],"evaluation":[47],"framework":[48],"PolarSK":[51,81,117],"system":[52,118],"under":[53,82,125],"transmitter":[54],"incorporates":[58],"typical":[59],"impairments":[61],"including":[62],"in-phase/quadrature":[63],"(I/Q)":[64],"imbalance,":[65],"nonlinearity,":[66],"and":[67,99],"phase":[68],"noise.":[69],"derive":[71],"analytical":[73],"average":[74],"bit":[75],"error":[76],"probability":[77],"(ABEP)":[78],"expression":[79],"along":[85],"with":[86],"asymptotic":[88,101],"ABEP":[89,98,123],"floor.":[90],"derivations":[93],"on":[94],"both":[95],"approximate":[97],"floor":[102],"are":[103],"verified":[104],"in":[105,113],"3GPP":[106],"channels.":[107],"Compared":[108],"state-of-the-art":[110],"modulation":[111],"systems":[112],"single-RF":[114],"MIMO,":[115],"exhibits":[119],"superior":[120],"against":[122],"non-ideal":[126],"conditions,":[128],"achieving":[129],"up":[130],"8":[132],"times":[133],"lower":[134],"ABEP.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-05-07T00:00:00"}
