{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415336542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3687265","title":"Energy-Efficient Movable Antennas: Mechanical Power Modeling and Performance Optimization","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Movable Antennas: Mechanical Power Modeling and Performance Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415336542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3687265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3687265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3687265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.24433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038151854","display_name":"Wei Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7338-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8458-4260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013751269","display_name":"Weidong Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-4283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-4283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947550","display_name":"Xuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7770-6130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071676162","display_name":"Zhi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-9861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085018775","display_name":"Boyu Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-373X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-373X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00382102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"16888","last_page":"16902"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11870","display_name":"Structural Analysis and Optimization","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11870","display_name":"Structural Analysis and Optimization","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.3239000141620636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6567999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168292644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860336","display_name":"Power optimization","level":4,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55660270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3687265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3687265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.24433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24433","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.24433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.24433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.24433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.24433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24433","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.24433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1899323778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFE0200404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415336542.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415336542.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Movable":[0],"antennas":[1],"(MAs)":[2],"offer":[3],"additional":[4,284],"spatial":[5],"degrees":[6],"of":[7,159,184],"freedom":[8],"(DoFs)":[9],"to":[10,24,46,73,98,106,124,135,138,190,216,241,260,272],"enhance":[11],"wireless":[12],"communication":[13],"performance":[14,187],"through":[15],"local":[16],"antenna":[17,29,49],"movement":[18],"in":[19,58,222],"a":[20,61,93,175,181,203,223,235,274],"confined":[21],"region.":[22],"However,":[23,131],"achieve":[25],"accurate":[26],"and":[27,112,179,265,297],"fast":[28],"movement,":[30],"MA":[31,165,229,245],"drivers":[32],"entail":[33],"non-negligible":[34],"mechanical":[35,285,304],"power":[36,63,286,305],"consumption,":[37,287],"rendering":[38],"energy":[39],"efficiency":[40],"(EE)":[41],"optimization":[42,199,205,269],"more":[43],"critical":[44],"compared":[45],"conventional":[47,294],"fixed-position":[48],"(FPA)":[50],"systems.":[51],"To":[52,142,195],"address":[53],"this":[54,59,80,132,144],"problem,":[55,171,200],"we":[56,82,104,146,172,201,258],"develop":[57,202],"paper":[60],"fundamental":[62],"consumption":[64],"model":[65],"for":[66,88,226],"stepper":[67],"motor-driven":[68],"multi-MA":[69,94,129],"systems":[70,296],"by":[71,161],"resorting":[72],"basic":[74],"electric":[75],"motor":[76],"theory.":[77],"Based":[78],"on":[79,248],"model,":[81],"investigate":[83],"an":[84,267],"EE":[85,186,299],"maximization":[86,300],"problem":[87,133],"the":[89,109,118,128,150,164,168,185,191,197,208,211,218,232,244,249,254,261,283,288],"downlink":[90],"transmission":[91],"from":[92,253],"base":[95],"station":[96],"(BS)":[97],"multiple":[99],"single-antenna":[100],"users.":[101],"In":[102,207,231],"particular,":[103],"aim":[105],"jointly":[107],"optimize":[108],"MAs\u2019":[110,192],"positions":[111,246],"moving":[113,193],"speeds":[114],"as":[115,117],"well":[116],"BS\u2019s":[119],"transmit":[120],"precoding":[121],"matrix":[122],"subject":[123],"collision-avoidance":[125,151],"constraints":[126,152],"during":[127],"movements.":[130],"appears":[134],"be":[136,139,155],"difficult":[137],"solved":[140],"optimally.":[141],"tackle":[143],"challenge,":[145],"first":[147,173],"reveal":[148],"that":[149,281,302],"can":[153,291],"always":[154],"relaxed":[156,170],"without":[157],"loss":[158],"optimality":[160],"properly":[162],"renumbering":[163],"indices.":[166],"For":[167],"resulting":[169],"consider":[174],"simplified":[176],"single-user":[177],"setup":[178],"uncover":[180],"hidden":[182],"monotonicity":[183],"with":[188],"respect":[189],"speeds.":[194],"solve":[196],"remaining":[198],"two-layer":[204],"framework.":[206],"inner":[209,255],"layer,":[210,234],"Dinkelbach":[212],"algorithm":[213,238,271],"is":[214,239],"employed":[215],"derive":[217],"optimal":[219,250],"beamforming":[220],"solution":[221],"semi-closed":[224],"form":[225],"any":[227],"given":[228],"positions.":[230],"outer":[233],"sequential":[236],"update":[237],"proposed":[240,289],"iteratively":[242],"refine":[243],"based":[247],"values":[251],"obtained":[252],"layer.":[256],"Next,":[257],"proceed":[259],"general":[262],"multi-user":[263],"case":[264],"propose":[266],"alternating":[268],"(AO)":[270],"obtain":[273],"high-quality":[275],"suboptimal":[276],"solution.":[277],"Numerical":[278],"results":[279],"demonstrate":[280],"despite":[282],"algorithms":[290,301],"outperform":[292],"both":[293],"FPA":[295],"existing":[298],"neglect":[303],"consumption.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-19T00:00:00"}