{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155364278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3684846","title":"Joint Illumination, Power, and Band Allocation for Multi-Beam LEO Satellites With Beam-Hopping Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming","display_name":"Joint Illumination, Power, and Band Allocation for Multi-Beam LEO Satellites With Beam-Hopping Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155364278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3684846"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3684846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3684846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133659105","display_name":"Samuel Mart\u00ednez Zamacola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0358-8641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6585545","display_name":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwny267","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6585545"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Mart\u00ednez Zamacola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals, Systems and Radiocommunications and the Information Processing and Telecommunications Center (IPTC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0358-8641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals, Systems and Radiocommunications and the Information Processing and Telecommunications Center (IPTC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6585545","https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110851232","display_name":"Nils Pachler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Pachler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-7059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026885563","display_name":"Ram\u00f3n Mart\u00ednez Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Osorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-7715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6585545","display_name":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwny267","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6585545"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram\u00f3n Mart\u00ednez Rodr\u00edguez-Osorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals, Systems and Radiocommunications and the Information Processing and Telecommunications Center (IPTC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-7715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals, Systems and Radiocommunications and the Information Processing and Telecommunications Center (IPTC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6585545","https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063754319","display_name":"Bruce Cameron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-6325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce G. Cameron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-6325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46020346","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84166127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"15710","last_page":"15724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7281000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.7281000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.15690000355243683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.03539999946951866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5767999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3952000141143799}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6783999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5767999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134579502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455619","display_name":"Frequency allocation","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988995629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915729","display_name":"Matrix algebra","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3684846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3684846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5707742109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-112545RB-C51","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6810777833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRE-2023-1-0290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316131","funder_display_name":"Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316131","display_name":"Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,145],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,85,189],"novel":[4,86],"optimization":[5,29],"approach":[6],"for":[7,20,107],"resource":[8,215],"allocation":[9,216],"in":[10,156,192,203,214],"non-geostationary":[11],"orbit":[12],"(NGSO)":[13],"satellite":[14,41],"constellations":[15],"employing":[16],"beam-hopping":[17],"(BH)":[18],"payloads":[19],"large-scale":[21],"broadband":[22],"services.":[23],"Current":[24],"literature":[25],"has":[26],"proposed":[27,136],"several":[28],"strategies":[30],"to":[31,39,49,188],"deal":[32],"with":[33,164],"the":[34,53,128,139,149,152,171,209],"intricacies":[35],"of":[36,52,75,97,110,151,199],"BH":[37],"applied":[38],"large":[40],"constellations.":[42],"However,":[43],"most":[44],"works":[45],"limit":[46],"their":[47],"study":[48],"only":[50],"sub-portions":[51],"complete":[54],"problem,":[55],"often":[56],"fixing":[57],"certain":[58],"variables,":[59],"such":[60,69],"as":[61,70],"frequency":[62],"or":[63,65,73],"power,":[64,100],"disregarding":[66],"specific":[67],"objectives,":[68],"user":[71,158],"fairness":[72,113],"excess":[74],"allocated":[76],"resources.":[77],"To":[78,126],"address":[79],"this":[80,82],"gap,":[81],"work":[83],"introduces":[84],"mixed-integer":[87],"linear":[88],"programming":[89],"(MILP)":[90],"formulation":[91,155],"that":[92,170],"integrates":[93],"all":[94],"available":[95],"degrees":[96],"freedom,":[98],"namely,":[99],"frequency,":[101],"and":[102,112,123,160,181,201,206,217],"beam":[103],"illumination,":[104],"while":[105],"optimizing":[106],"performance,":[108],"quality":[109],"service":[111,218],"through":[114],"three":[115],"objectives:":[116],"unserved":[117],"capacity":[118,121],"(UC),":[119],"extra-served":[120],"(EC),":[122],"time-to-serve":[124],"(TTS).":[125],"reduce":[127],"computational":[129,166],"complexity,":[130],"an":[131],"alternative":[132],"time-split":[133,146,172],"MILP":[134,147,154,173],"is":[135],"by":[137],"partitioning":[138],"problem":[140],"into":[141],"smaller":[142],"time-based":[143],"subproblems.":[144],"maintains":[148,194],"performance":[150],"full":[153],"larger":[157],"scenarios":[159],"balances":[161],"execution":[162],"time":[163],"superior":[165],"performance.":[167],"Simulations":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"method":[174],"surpasses":[175],"other":[176],"approaches,":[177],"including":[178],"deterministic":[179],"(DB)":[180],"meta-heuristic":[182],"(GA)":[183],"solutions.":[184],"It":[185],"achieves":[186],"up":[187],"6%":[190],"reduction":[191],"UC,":[193],"EC":[195],"levels":[196],"below":[197],"those":[198],"DB":[200],"GA":[202],"low-user":[204],"scenarios,":[205],"nearly":[207],"halves":[208],"TTS,":[210],"highlighting":[211],"its":[212],"efficiency":[213],"optimization.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-24T00:00:00"}