{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7152500130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3680903","title":"Multi-RIS-Aided Cell-Free mmWave Massive MIMO With Short-Packet uRLLC: Passive and Hybrid Active Beamforming","display_name":"Multi-RIS-Aided Cell-Free mmWave Massive MIMO With Short-Packet uRLLC: Passive and Hybrid Active Beamforming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7152500130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3680903"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3680903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3680903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076303094","display_name":"Ngo Hoang Tu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123993","display_name":"Van Lang University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ryrf141","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123993"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngo Hoang Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Van Lang School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1944-6056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Van Lang School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063848301","display_name":"Kyungchun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4070-549X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungchun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering and the Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4070-549X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering and the Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35857479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"14908","last_page":"14924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.8492000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.8492000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.04490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5877000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.3312999904155731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7127000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5877000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5278000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30090001225471497}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3680903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3680903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7777198553085327}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1423052447","https://openalex.org/W1540562499","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2071297852","https://openalex.org/W2078191478","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2152053270","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2611749634","https://openalex.org/W2612881001","https://openalex.org/W2767179702","https://openalex.org/W2787596476","https://openalex.org/W2797535556","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963829778","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W3048181808","https://openalex.org/W3093038630","https://openalex.org/W3130099654","https://openalex.org/W3166998838","https://openalex.org/W3203387279","https://openalex.org/W3215468737","https://openalex.org/W4205293427","https://openalex.org/W4206508077","https://openalex.org/W4285023626","https://openalex.org/W4285291292","https://openalex.org/W4290714072","https://openalex.org/W4296213150","https://openalex.org/W4308824953","https://openalex.org/W4312755469","https://openalex.org/W4313189738","https://openalex.org/W4317796365","https://openalex.org/W4379929377","https://openalex.org/W4383503644","https://openalex.org/W4385486323","https://openalex.org/W4386363095","https://openalex.org/W4391677760","https://openalex.org/W4391854950","https://openalex.org/W4394576163","https://openalex.org/W4394698941","https://openalex.org/W4401327926","https://openalex.org/W4401567372","https://openalex.org/W4402402010","https://openalex.org/W4403421578","https://openalex.org/W4403511677","https://openalex.org/W4404133094","https://openalex.org/W4407638824","https://openalex.org/W4411055190","https://openalex.org/W4411143512","https://openalex.org/W4412445383","https://openalex.org/W4414229364","https://openalex.org/W7125525004"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simultaneously":[0],"meeting":[1],"high":[2],"spectral":[3],"efficiency":[4],"(SE)-oriented":[5],"enhanced":[6],"mobile":[7],"broadband":[8],"(eMBB)":[9],"and":[10,12,53,74,83,116,126],"ultra-reliable":[11],"low-latency":[13],"communication":[14],"(uRLLC)":[15],"remains":[16],"a":[17,61,107,129,165,173],"significant":[18],"challenge.":[19],"Given":[20],"uRLLC":[21],"requirements,":[22],"this":[23],"work":[24],"investigates":[25],"the":[26,98,146,160],"problem":[27,47],"of":[28,48,69,156],"sum-SE":[29],"maximization":[30],"in":[31,154,168],"multiple":[32],"reconfigurable":[33],"intelligent":[34],"surfaces-assisted":[35],"cell-free":[36],"(CF)":[37],"millimeter":[38],"wave":[39],"massive":[40],"multiple-input":[41],"multiple-output":[42],"systems.":[43],"The":[44,77],"joint":[45],"optimization":[46],"passive":[49,84],"reflective":[50],"beamforming":[51,57,103],"(RBF)":[52],"hybrid":[54],"active":[55],"transceiver":[56,81,102],"is":[58,135],"tackled":[59],"using":[60,106,137],"multi-block":[62],"coordinate":[63],"descent":[64],"(MBCD)":[65],"method,":[66],"under":[67],"constraints":[68],"transmit":[70],"power,":[71],"users\u2019":[72],"quality-of-service,":[73],"constant-modulus":[75,88],"characteristics.":[76],"subproblems":[78,99],"involving":[79,100],"analog":[80],"processing":[82],"RBF,":[85],"associated":[86],"with":[87,113,171,178],"constraints,":[89],"are":[90,104],"solved":[91],"via":[92],"MBCD-based":[93],"Riemannian":[94],"manifold":[95],"optimization,":[96],"while":[97],"digital":[101],"addressed":[105],"successive":[108],"convex":[109],"approximation":[110],"framework":[111,148],"combined":[112],"semidefinite":[114],"relaxation":[115],"Gaussian":[117],"randomization.":[118],"To":[119],"further":[120],"balance":[121],"computational":[122,169],"complexity,":[123],"fronthaul":[124],"overhead,":[125],"system":[127],"performance,":[128],"user-centric":[130,161],"access":[131],"point":[132],"selection":[133],"scheme":[134],"adopted":[136],"statistical":[138],"channel":[139],"state":[140],"information.":[141],"Numerical":[142],"results":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"that":[145],"proposed":[147],"outperforms":[149],"various":[150],"practical":[151],"benchmark":[152],"schemes":[153],"terms":[155],"user":[157],"SE.":[158],"Furthermore,":[159],"CF":[162],"design":[163],"achieves":[164],"99.29%":[166],"reduction":[167],"complexity":[170],"only":[172],"5.49%":[174],"performance":[175],"loss":[176],"compared":[177],"full-association":[179],"CF.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T06:13:24.991567","created_date":"2026-04-10T00:00:00"}
