{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140839562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3675657","title":"Energy-Efficient Resource Orchestration for URLLC in Cell-Free RANs via GNNs With Reliability Enforcement","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Resource Orchestration for URLLC in Cell-Free RANs via GNNs With Reliability Enforcement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140839562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3675657"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3675657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3675657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011436940","display_name":"Yige Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-7793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yige Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-7793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121994241","display_name":"Yanxiang Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanxiang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-7767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016793245","display_name":"Fu\u2010Chun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu-Chun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130641070","display_name":"Pengcheng Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9867-7041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086980349","display_name":"D. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-6567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28444034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"14166","last_page":"14182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.08410000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.08410000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11582","display_name":"Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies","score":0.07109999656677246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.35249999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32526432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536235","display_name":"Reynolds-averaged Navier\u2013Stokes equations","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3675657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3675657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.46569952368736267}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G381589924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025ZD1305100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6895962253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242022k60006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8690540000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KQTD20190929172545139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329836","funder_display_name":"Chuzhou Science and Technology Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329836","display_name":"Chuzhou Science and Technology Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2513356504","https://openalex.org/W2797535556","https://openalex.org/W2908498346","https://openalex.org/W3041415426","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3135089279","https://openalex.org/W3188358066","https://openalex.org/W3196709551","https://openalex.org/W4286370873","https://openalex.org/W4289656180","https://openalex.org/W4312326114","https://openalex.org/W4321498527","https://openalex.org/W4323065908","https://openalex.org/W4328007275","https://openalex.org/W4367663276","https://openalex.org/W4379116684","https://openalex.org/W4379471151","https://openalex.org/W4380607130","https://openalex.org/W4381194923","https://openalex.org/W4381735865","https://openalex.org/W4389104872","https://openalex.org/W4389775256","https://openalex.org/W4390534515","https://openalex.org/W4391468432","https://openalex.org/W4393241097","https://openalex.org/W4393640451","https://openalex.org/W4394585786","https://openalex.org/W4394862981","https://openalex.org/W4396523439","https://openalex.org/W4398151367","https://openalex.org/W4399145984","https://openalex.org/W4399665687","https://openalex.org/W4401452449","https://openalex.org/W4404293851","https://openalex.org/W4405811998","https://openalex.org/W4405812299","https://openalex.org/W4406457603","https://openalex.org/W4408791736","https://openalex.org/W4409237237","https://openalex.org/W4409581172","https://openalex.org/W4409985486","https://openalex.org/W4412718924"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"wireless":[1],"networks":[2],"aim":[3],"to":[4,142],"deliver":[5],"ultra-reliable":[6],"and":[7,41,60,126,135],"low-latency":[8],"services":[9],"while":[10,167],"containing":[11],"their":[12],"rapidly":[13],"growing":[14],"energy":[15,67,161],"footprint.":[16],"In":[17],"a":[18,28,51,71,77,109,118,131,138,171],"cell-free":[19],"radio":[20,57],"access":[21,33],"network":[22,112],"(CF-RAN),":[23],"this":[24,105],"objective":[25],"translates":[26],"into":[27],"tightly":[29],"coupled":[30],"optimisation":[31],"over":[32],"point":[34],"(AP)":[35],"activation,":[36],"user":[37],"association,":[38],"precoding":[39,123],"design":[40],"virtual-CPU":[42],"provisioning,":[43],"all":[44],"under":[45],"finite-blocklength":[46],"reliability":[47],"constraints.":[48],"We":[49],"build":[50],"detailed":[52],"power":[53],"model":[54],"that":[55,114],"includes":[56],"hardware,":[58],"fronthaul":[59],"load-dependent":[61],"computing,":[62],"then":[63,136],"recast":[64],"the":[65,152,156,164],"resulting":[66],"efficiency":[68,162],"problem":[69],"as":[70,117,163],"mixed-integer":[72],"second-order":[73],"cone":[74],"programming":[75],"using":[76],"tight":[78],"surrogate":[79],"for":[80,95],"decoding-error":[81],"probability.":[82],"A":[83],"sparsity-promoting":[84],"convex\u2013concave":[85],"solver":[86,158],"can":[87],"reach":[88],"near-optimal":[89],"solutions":[90],"but":[91],"must":[92],"be":[93],"run":[94],"every":[96],"channel":[97,176],"realisation,":[98],"making":[99],"real-time":[100],"use":[101],"impractical.":[102],"To":[103],"overcome":[104],"limitation,":[106],"we":[107],"propose":[108],"graph":[110],"neural":[111],"(GNN)":[113],"represents":[115],"CF-RAN":[116],"heterogeneous":[119],"AP-to-user":[120],"graph,":[121],"predicts":[122],"vectors,":[124],"rates":[125],"soft":[127],"association":[128],"probabilities":[129],"in":[130],"single":[132],"forward":[133],"pass,":[134],"applies":[137],"lightweight":[139],"reliability-enforcement":[140],"layer":[141],"remove":[143],"any":[144],"residual":[145],"violations.":[146],"Simulation":[147],"results":[148],"show":[149],"that,":[150],"whenever":[151],"constraints":[153],"are":[154],"feasible,":[155],"learned":[157],"achieves":[159],"comparable":[160],"optimization-based":[165],"baseline":[166],"operating":[168],"with":[169],"only":[170],"single-pass":[172],"inference":[173],"step":[174],"per":[175],"realization.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2026-03-27T00:00:00"}
