{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140123593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3675259","title":"Hybrid STAR-RIS-Assisted Short Packet ISAC Systems: Transmission Paradigm and Resource Optimization","display_name":"Hybrid STAR-RIS-Assisted Short Packet ISAC Systems: Transmission Paradigm and Resource Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140123593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3675259"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3675259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3675259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130328594","display_name":"Shuang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5201-0124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036919829","display_name":"Wanming Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-3447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanming Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-3447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044452711","display_name":"Gangcan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-3977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangcan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-3977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xingwang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002113853","display_name":"N. N. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9403-3417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130347506","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48051902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"14069","last_page":"14085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.22380000352859497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.22380000352859497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.17249999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-switching","display_name":"Packet switching","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.3601999878883362}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7932000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115023222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5437045","display_name":"Fast packet switching","level":5,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3675259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3675259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G122908159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24HASTIT038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336613","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5131723102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6330862013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7540714983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"252300421293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8352265563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFC3306805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336613","display_name":"Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049516452","https://openalex.org/W2057658881","https://openalex.org/W2166162270","https://openalex.org/W2206128797","https://openalex.org/W2738538347","https://openalex.org/W3029554135","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3202347572","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4221161002","https://openalex.org/W4226055876","https://openalex.org/W4285284837","https://openalex.org/W4310557589","https://openalex.org/W4312051213","https://openalex.org/W4315777851","https://openalex.org/W4321482224","https://openalex.org/W4353004291","https://openalex.org/W4386090274","https://openalex.org/W4387623863","https://openalex.org/W4387869872","https://openalex.org/W4388470010","https://openalex.org/W4390285037","https://openalex.org/W4390285520","https://openalex.org/W4390285554","https://openalex.org/W4391365548","https://openalex.org/W4399486976","https://openalex.org/W4399800455","https://openalex.org/W4401357610","https://openalex.org/W4401387027","https://openalex.org/W4401717673","https://openalex.org/W4401990339","https://openalex.org/W4402159283","https://openalex.org/W4402568528","https://openalex.org/W4403936784","https://openalex.org/W4404563244","https://openalex.org/W4405178958","https://openalex.org/W4405974452","https://openalex.org/W4407690662","https://openalex.org/W4408358701","https://openalex.org/W4409076621","https://openalex.org/W4409659731","https://openalex.org/W7128317047"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"sensing":[1,158],"and":[2,13,37,57,63,80,108,127,140,166,181,195,214,232],"communication":[3],"(ISAC)":[4],"is":[5,88,120,131,160,172],"a":[6,47,53,65,81,153,204],"key":[7],"technology":[8],"for":[9],"improving":[10],"spectrum":[11],"efficiency":[12],"enabling":[14],"intelligent":[15,60],"wireless":[16],"networks,":[17],"yet":[18],"its":[19],"deployment":[20],"in":[21,245],"short-packet":[22,48,247],"transmission":[23,68],"scenarios":[24],"faces":[25],"significant":[26],"challenges":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29],"finite":[30],"block-length":[31],"(FBL)":[32],"effects,":[33],"channel":[34,92,105],"estimation":[35,106],"uncertainty,":[36],"limited":[38],"coverage.":[39],"To":[40,144],"address":[41],"these":[42],"issues,":[43],"this":[44,146],"paper":[45],"investigates":[46],"ISAC":[49,67,248],"system":[50,249],"assisted":[51,241],"by":[52,242],"hybrid":[54,74,182,243],"simultaneously":[55],"transmitting":[56],"reflecting":[58],"reconfigurable":[59],"surface":[61],"(STAR-RIS)":[62],"proposes":[64],"two-stage":[66,238],"paradigm.":[69],"In":[70,114],"Stage":[71,115],"I,":[72],"the":[73,117,157,176,211,222,226,234],"STAR-RIS":[75,183,244],"performs":[76,104],"target":[77,135],"direction-of-arrival":[78],"estimation,":[79],"closed-form":[82],"expression":[83],"of":[84,217,236],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[85],"Bound":[86],"(CRB)":[87],"derived":[89],"to":[90,112,122,133,174,201],"establish":[91],"state":[93],"information":[94],"(CSI)":[95],"uncertainty":[96,142],"model":[97],"based":[98,189],"on":[99,190],"CRB.":[100],"Meanwhile,":[101],"each":[102],"user":[103],"locally":[107],"feeds":[109],"results":[110,209],"back":[111],"DFBS.":[113],"II,":[116],"estimated":[118],"CSI":[119,141],"utilized":[121],"jointly":[123],"design":[124,240],"resource":[125,239],"allocation,":[126],"an":[128,168],"optimization":[129,170],"problem":[130,177],"formulated":[132],"maximize":[134],"illumination":[136],"power":[137],"under":[138,229],"FBL":[139],"constraints.":[143],"tackle":[145],"strongly":[147],"coupled":[148],"non-convex":[149],"problem,":[150],"we":[151],"develop":[152],"hierarchical":[154],"solution":[155],"strategy:":[156],"duration":[159],"first":[161],"determined":[162],"via":[163],"one-dimensional":[164],"search,":[165],"then,":[167],"alternating":[169],"framework":[171],"employed":[173],"decouple":[175],"into":[178],"DFBS":[179],"beamforming":[180],"coefficient":[184],"optimization,":[185],"where":[186],"iterative":[187],"algorithms":[188],"semi-definite":[191,193],"relaxation,":[192],"programming,":[194],"singular":[196],"value":[197],"decomposition":[198],"are":[199],"proposed":[200,219],"ultimately":[202],"obtain":[203],"convergent":[205],"optimal":[206],"solution.":[207],"Simulation":[208],"validate":[210],"fast":[212],"convergence":[213],"superior":[215],"performance":[216],"our":[218],"algorithm,":[220],"reveal":[221],"inherent":[223],"trade-off":[224],"between":[225],"two":[227],"stages":[228],"constrained":[230],"resources,":[231],"demonstrate":[233],"importance":[235],"joint":[237],"enhancing":[246],"performance.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}
