{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139074099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3673378","title":"MA-Enhanced Mixed Near-Field and Far-Field Covert Communications","display_name":"MA-Enhanced Mixed Near-Field and Far-Field Covert Communications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139074099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3673378"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3673378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3673378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128641399","display_name":"Chao Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9745-3005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129916234","display_name":"Changsheng You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changsheng You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-9361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129812813","display_name":"Cong Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-1096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011665213","display_name":"Hai Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-348X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152983","display_name":"Osaka Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hvx5h04","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152983"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-348X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130036457","display_name":"Yi Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-8991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96278744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"14037","last_page":"14052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.04670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.03759999945759773,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6901000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.6015999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-algorithm","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","score":0.3828999996185303}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6901000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6323000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.6015999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.508400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3673378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3673378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1109853937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1129167665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2475529591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515010097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3021091657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U25A20389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156194072","https://openalex.org/W2896186474","https://openalex.org/W2915414279","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3150881411","https://openalex.org/W3164862323","https://openalex.org/W3185268715","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4311414687","https://openalex.org/W4362500847","https://openalex.org/W4365800547","https://openalex.org/W4378194759","https://openalex.org/W4384787987","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4385975858","https://openalex.org/W4387682359","https://openalex.org/W4387869963","https://openalex.org/W4391305366","https://openalex.org/W4391807577","https://openalex.org/W4394744873","https://openalex.org/W4394828135","https://openalex.org/W4394828428","https://openalex.org/W4399118807","https://openalex.org/W4399205858","https://openalex.org/W4400351801","https://openalex.org/W4400975168","https://openalex.org/W4401568011","https://openalex.org/W4402125734","https://openalex.org/W4402509689","https://openalex.org/W4404238591","https://openalex.org/W4405179805","https://openalex.org/W4405717868","https://openalex.org/W4406689889","https://openalex.org/W4406948532","https://openalex.org/W4411408300","https://openalex.org/W4412164082","https://openalex.org/W4413639554","https://openalex.org/W4414405205","https://openalex.org/W4414693474","https://openalex.org/W4415707050","https://openalex.org/W4415820848","https://openalex.org/W7119181992"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,35,134,174],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,32,63,158,178,212],"propose":[4],"to":[5,80,144,163,186,251],"employ":[6],"a":[7,37,66,226],"modular-based":[8],"movableextremely":[9],"large-scale":[10],"array(XL-array)":[11],"at":[12],"Alice":[13],"for":[14,98,126,154,190,201],"enhancing":[15],"covert":[16,30,246],"communication":[17,247],"performance.":[18],"Compared":[19],"with":[20],"existing":[21],"work":[22],"that":[23,71,104],"mostly":[24],"considered":[25],"either":[26,48],"far-field":[27,52,109],"or":[28,51],"near-field":[29,50,60,120],"communications,":[31],"consider":[33,65],"in":[34,47,55,129,139,242],"paper":[36],"more":[38],"general":[39,155],"and":[40,69,111,122,151,197,224,245],"practicalmixed-fieldscenario,":[41],"where":[42],"multiple":[43,59],"Bobs":[44,150],"are":[45,124,209],"located":[46],"the":[49,56,95,165,219,236],"of":[53,58,195,238],"Alice,":[54],"presence":[57],"Willies.":[61],"Specifically,":[62],"first":[64,179],"two-Bob-one-Willie":[67],"system":[68,156],"show":[70],"conventional":[72],"fixed-position":[73,130],"XL-arrays":[74],"suffer":[75],"degraded":[76],"sum-rate":[77,168,244],"performance":[78],"due":[79],"theenergy-spread":[81],"effectin":[82],"mixed-field":[83],"systems,":[84,132],"which,":[85],"however,":[86],"can":[87,136],"be":[88,137],"greatly":[89],"improved":[90],"by":[91,217],"subarray":[92,202],"movement.":[93],"On":[94],"other":[96],"hand,":[97],"transmission":[99],"covertness,":[100],"it":[101,181],"is":[102],"revealed":[103],"sufficient":[105],"angle":[106],"difference":[107,118],"between":[108,119,149],"Bob":[110,121],"Willie":[112,123],"as":[113,115,249],"well":[114],"adequate":[116],"range":[117],"necessary":[125],"ensuring":[127],"covertness":[128,170],"XL-array":[131,141,241],"while":[133],"requirement":[135],"relaxed":[138],"movable":[140,240],"systems":[142],"thanks":[143],"flexible":[145],"channel":[146],"correlation":[147],"control":[148],"Willie.":[152],"Next,":[153],"setups,":[157],"formulate":[159],"an":[160,187,198],"optimization":[161,176,192],"problem":[162,189,200],"maximize":[164],"achievable":[166],"weighted":[167],"under":[169],"constraint.":[171],"To":[172],"solve":[173],"non-convex":[175],"problem,":[177],"decompose":[180],"into":[182],"two":[183,207],"subproblems,":[184],"corresponding":[185],"inner":[188],"beamforming":[191],"given":[193],"positions":[194],"subarrays":[196],"outer":[199],"movement":[203],"optimization.":[204],"Although":[205],"these":[206],"subproblems":[208],"still":[210],"non-convex,":[211],"obtain":[213],"their":[214],"high-quality":[215],"solutions":[216],"using":[218],"successive":[220],"convex":[221],"approximation":[222],"technique":[223],"devising":[225],"customized":[227],"differential":[228],"evolution":[229],"algorithm,":[230],"respectively.":[231],"Last,":[232],"numerical":[233],"results":[234],"demonstrate":[235],"effectiveness":[237],"proposed":[239],"balancing":[243],"requirements,":[248],"compared":[250],"various":[252],"benchmark":[253],"schemes.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}