{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128532449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3660948","title":"Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for OFDM ISAC Signals Under Temporal-Frequency Filtering","display_name":"Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for OFDM ISAC Signals Under Temporal-Frequency Filtering","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128532449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3660948"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3660948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3660948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103094689","display_name":"Zhen Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-1595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-1595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072881406","display_name":"Jianzhi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069325952","display_name":"Yifeng Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4290-7116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifeng Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4290-7116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052704820","display_name":"Musa Furkan Keskin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-8377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musa Furkan Keskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-8377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033860704","display_name":"Henk Wymeersch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-6159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henk Wymeersch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-6159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125499396","display_name":"Fan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-9317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125545289","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21306656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"12914","last_page":"12929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.7164000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.7164000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.10000000149011612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.6633999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.552299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.49950000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.37790000438690186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6633999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.552299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.49950000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927140","display_name":"Block Error Rate","level":3,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3660948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3660948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.583123505115509,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2746094299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"sensing":[1,25,35,68,118,131,137,168],"and":[2,39,100,124,156,209],"communications":[3],"(ISAC)":[4],"is":[5,95,133,140,196],"considered":[6],"an":[7],"innovative":[8],"technology":[9],"in":[10,219,230,235],"sixth-generation":[11],"(6G)":[12],"wireless":[13,233],"networks,":[14],"where":[15],"utilizing":[16],"orthogonal":[17],"frequency":[18],"division":[19],"multiplexing":[20],"(OFDM)":[21],"communication":[22,73,107],"signals":[23],"for":[24,30],"provides":[26],"a":[27,79,87,144,187,221],"cost-effective":[28],"solution":[29],"implementing":[31],"ISAC.":[32],"However,":[33],"the":[34,49,106,128,150,162,180,192,201,213],"performance":[36,69],"of":[37,117,130,191,203,215],"matched":[38,99],"mismatched":[40,101],"filtering":[41,102,154],"schemes":[42],"can":[43,183],"be":[44,143,184],"significantly":[45,71],"deteriorated":[46],"due":[47],"to":[48,135,142,149,199],"signaling":[50],"randomness":[51],"induced":[52],"by":[53,104],"finite-alphabet":[54],"modulations":[55],"with":[56,97],"non-constant":[57],"modulus,":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60,186,225,227],"quadrature":[61],"amplitude":[62],"modulation":[63],"(QAM)":[64],"constellations.":[65],"Therefore,":[66],"improving":[67],"without":[70],"compromising":[72],"capability":[74],"(i.e.,":[75],"maintaining":[76],"randomness),":[77],"remains":[78],"challenging":[80],"task.":[81],"To":[82],"that":[83,94,179],"end,":[84],"we":[85,176],"propose":[86],"unified":[88],"probabilistic":[89],"constellation":[90],"shaping":[91],"(PCS)":[92],"framework":[93],"compatible":[96],"both":[98,207],"schemes,":[103],"maximizing":[105],"rate":[108],"while":[109],"imposing":[110],"constraints":[111],"on":[112],"mean":[113],"square":[114],"error":[115],"(MSE)":[116],"channel":[119],"state":[120],"information":[121],"(CSI),":[122],"power,":[123],"probability":[125],"distribution.":[126],"Specifically,":[127],"MSE":[129,182],"CSI":[132],"leveraged":[134],"optimize":[136],"capability,":[138],"which":[139,195],"illustrated":[141],"more":[145],"comprehensive":[146],"metric":[147],"compared":[148],"output":[151],"SNR":[152],"after":[153],"(SNRout)":[155],"integrated":[157],"sidelobes":[158],"ratio":[159],"(ISLR).":[160],"Additionally,":[161],"internal":[163],"relationships":[164],"among":[165],"these":[166],"three":[167],"metrics":[169],"are":[170],"explicitly":[171],"analyzed.":[172],"Building":[173],"upon":[174],"this,":[175],"further":[177],"reveal":[178],"normalized":[181],"interpreted":[185],"penalty":[188],"function":[189],"version":[190],"dynamic":[193],"range,":[194],"usually":[197],"exploited":[198],"evaluate":[200],"behavior":[202],"delay-Doppler":[204],"profiles.":[205],"Finally,":[206],"simulations":[208],"field":[210],"measurements":[211],"validate":[212],"efficiency":[214],"proposed":[216],"PCS":[217],"approach":[218],"achieving":[220],"flexible":[222],"S&C":[223],"trade-off,":[224],"well":[226],"its":[228],"credibility":[229],"enhancing":[231],"6G":[232],"transmission":[234],"real-world":[236],"scenarios.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T07:30:30.508283","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}
