{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127105774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3657904","title":"Decentralized ISAC Service Modeling and Intelligent Scheduling Paradigm for 6G Low-Altitude Aerial-V2X","display_name":"Decentralized ISAC Service Modeling and Intelligent Scheduling Paradigm for 6G Low-Altitude Aerial-V2X","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127105774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3657904"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3657904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3657904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124810391","display_name":"Qirui Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qirui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-1471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008864171","display_name":"Bile Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-4396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bile Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Technology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-4396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Technology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124753663","display_name":"Xiangnan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangnan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Communication Integration and Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-8948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Communication Integration and Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003999919","display_name":"Chenren Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-2596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenren Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-2596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124829305","display_name":"Eduard A. Jorswieck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Axel Jorswieck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Technology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-8435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Technology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458455","display_name":"Haijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Communication Integration and Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-6482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Communication Integration and Hebei Key Laboratory of Space-Air-Ground Intelligent Communication, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18040884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"11367","last_page":"11382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8190000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8190000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.0843999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-network","display_name":"Telecommunications network","score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-observable-markov-decision-process","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3531999886035919}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7990999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5436000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177782964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229785","display_name":"3rd Generation Partnership Project 2","level":3,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3657904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3657904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4350205659866333},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4177163541316986}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1057576697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62502012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1457043690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZC20251070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2787257905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2441227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2904786785","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62501048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3812372507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M760109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3949751732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2903902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4050208279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4121126617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4508229541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U25B2040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5624631466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62561160097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6308737694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62225103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7498377815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRF-TP-22-002C2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8888994136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015351323","https://openalex.org/W2119669635","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2562700675","https://openalex.org/W2736668558","https://openalex.org/W2793174211","https://openalex.org/W2796047239","https://openalex.org/W2945596130","https://openalex.org/W2963728120","https://openalex.org/W3168768468","https://openalex.org/W3175592473","https://openalex.org/W3188109370","https://openalex.org/W3203424619","https://openalex.org/W3206630627","https://openalex.org/W4210754515","https://openalex.org/W4312601533","https://openalex.org/W4312802906","https://openalex.org/W4313070968","https://openalex.org/W4320004355","https://openalex.org/W4328053347","https://openalex.org/W4379805646","https://openalex.org/W4390650120","https://openalex.org/W4395069470","https://openalex.org/W4395661371","https://openalex.org/W4399728116","https://openalex.org/W4401386707","https://openalex.org/W4401806095","https://openalex.org/W4402510810","https://openalex.org/W4403635747","https://openalex.org/W4403918428","https://openalex.org/W4404562696","https://openalex.org/W4405521088","https://openalex.org/W4406278213","https://openalex.org/W4408017173","https://openalex.org/W4408326029","https://openalex.org/W4408951722","https://openalex.org/W4409326407","https://openalex.org/W4411687965"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"emerging":[1],"low-altitude":[2],"economy":[3],"leverages":[4],"airspace":[5],"below":[6],"1000":[7],"meters":[8],"for":[9,26,105,111,165],"intensive":[10],"commercial":[11],"and":[12,19,33,58,68,78,118,135,173,197],"social":[13],"aerial":[14],"activities,":[15],"where":[16],"integrated":[17],"sensing":[18,57,88,120,163,183,198],"communication":[20,60,91,114,196],"(ISAC)":[21],"service":[22,76,130],"in":[23,45,80,140],"6G":[24],"network":[25,51],"aircraft":[27,37],"is":[28,156],"critical":[29],"to":[30,65,158,187,190],"ensuring":[31],"safe":[32],"efficient":[34],"operations.":[35],"However,":[36],"often":[38],"operate":[39],"under":[40,93,132],"constrained":[41,94],"wireless":[42],"resources,":[43],"particularly":[44],"areas":[46],"with":[47],"limited":[48],"or":[49],"no":[50],"coverage.":[52],"In":[53],"such":[54],"settings,":[55],"exhaustive":[56],"data":[59],"among":[61],"neighboring":[62],"nodes":[63],"lead":[64],"uncoordinated":[66],"competition":[67],"prohibitive":[69],"overhead.":[70],"This":[71],"paper":[72],"investigates":[73],"the":[74,137,178],"ISAC":[75,102],"modeling":[77],"scheduling":[79,161],"aerial-vehicle-to-everything":[81],"(Aerial-V2X)":[82],"networks,":[83],"which":[84],"provides":[85],"continuous":[86],"high-accuracy":[87],"without":[89],"compromising":[90],"throughput":[92],"resource":[95,109,170],"budgets.":[96],"First,":[97],"we":[98,125],"design":[99],"a":[100,127,141,149],"reconfigurable":[101],"waveform":[103,134],"tailored":[104],"aircraft,":[106,167],"enabling":[107],"flexible":[108],"partitioning":[110],"both":[112],"cellular":[113],"(aerial":[115,121],"vehicle-to-infrastructure,":[116],"A-V2I)":[117],"cooperative":[119],"vehicle-to-vehicle,":[122],"A-V2V).":[123],"Second,":[124],"formulate":[126],"joint":[128],"sensing-communication":[129],"model":[131],"this":[133],"cast":[136],"optimization":[138],"problem":[139],"partially":[142],"observable":[143],"Markov":[144],"decision":[145],"process":[146],"(POMDP).":[147],"Third,":[148],"multi-agent":[150],"deep":[151],"reinforcement":[152],"learning":[153],"(MADRL)":[154],"approach":[155],"developed":[157],"perform":[159],"decentralized":[160],"of":[162],"actions":[164],"each":[166],"minimizing":[168],"time-frequency":[169],"consumption.":[171],"Experiments":[172],"trace-driven":[174],"evaluations":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"that":[177],"proposed":[179],"method":[180],"can":[181],"reduce":[182],"overhead":[184],"by":[185],"up":[186],"70%":[188],"compared":[189],"benchmark":[191],"policies,":[192],"while":[193],"maintaining":[194],"satisfactory":[195],"performance.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}