{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127375229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3656644","title":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound Optimization for Active RIS Aided Device-Based ISAC System","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound Optimization for Active RIS Aided Device-Based ISAC System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127375229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3656644"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3656644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3656644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124875656","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4743-065X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124907393","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1917-783X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124297419","display_name":"Q. Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007320479","display_name":"Xiaodan Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-8045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-8045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124953831","display_name":"Wen Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2133-8679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124915937","display_name":"Qingjiang Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingjiang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0507-9080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09994901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"11883","last_page":"11898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6725000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6610999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5756999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4117000102996826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6725000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6610999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5756999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55660270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3656644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3656644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3007453054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62531015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4420131350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6573975058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U25A20399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7547104240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488435683","https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2107376953","https://openalex.org/W2150151472","https://openalex.org/W2164271287","https://openalex.org/W2296143655","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W3036056878","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3211270128","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4293370520","https://openalex.org/W4378697233","https://openalex.org/W4381163434","https://openalex.org/W4385819679","https://openalex.org/W4386090274","https://openalex.org/W4390576917","https://openalex.org/W4391407128","https://openalex.org/W4391807253","https://openalex.org/W4391935941","https://openalex.org/W4394730874","https://openalex.org/W4398199908","https://openalex.org/W4399518847","https://openalex.org/W4400489433","https://openalex.org/W4401113548","https://openalex.org/W4403510942","https://openalex.org/W4404576777","https://openalex.org/W4406170502","https://openalex.org/W4406949204","https://openalex.org/W4409882881","https://openalex.org/W4412939434","https://openalex.org/W4414538761","https://openalex.org/W6903229047"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"an":[3,127,148],"active":[4],"reconfigurable":[5],"intelligent":[6],"surface":[7],"(RIS)":[8],"aided":[9],"device-based":[10,85,172],"uplink":[11],"integrated":[12],"sensing":[13,36,74,86,173,181],"and":[14,26,37,57,166],"communication":[15,27,38,81,92],"(ISAC)":[16],"system.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19,111],"context,":[20],"base":[21],"station":[22],"(BS)":[23],"receives":[24],"pilot":[25],"signals":[28,93],"transmitted":[29],"concurrently":[30],"from":[31],"mobile":[32,53],"users":[33,75],"to":[34,63,95,103],"provision":[35],"services.":[39],"For":[40],"the":[41,61,73,115,131,160,168,176,180,187],"considered":[42,84],"setup,":[43],"we":[44,113],"investigate":[45],"beamforming":[46],"design":[47],"by":[48,136,141],"jointly":[49],"optimizing":[50],"RIS":[51],"configuration,":[52],"users\u2019":[54],"transmit":[55],"power":[56],"linear":[58],"combiner":[59],"at":[60],"BS":[62],"minimize":[64],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[65],"bound":[66],"(CRB)":[67],"of":[68,80,162,171],"angle-of-arrival":[69],"(AoA)":[70],"estimation":[71],"for":[72],"while":[76],"ensuring":[77],"spectral":[78],"efficiency":[79],"users.":[82],"The":[83],"paradigm":[87],"raises":[88],"unique":[89],"challenge":[90],"since":[91],"contribute":[94],"noise":[96],"covariance":[97,123,133],"in":[98,186],"AoA":[99],"measurements,":[100],"which":[101,146],"leads":[102],"a":[104,118],"highly":[105],"complicated":[106],"CRB":[107],"expression.":[108],"To":[109],"resolve":[110],"challenge,":[112],"transfer":[114],"problem":[116],"into":[117,126],"quartic":[119],"form,":[120],"equivalently":[121],"represent":[122],"matrix":[124],"inverse":[125],"equation":[128],"condition,":[129],"decouple":[130],"intractable":[132],"equality":[134],"constraint":[135],"introducing":[137],"splitting":[138],"variables":[139],"followed":[140],"penalty":[142],"dual-decomposition":[143],"(PDD)":[144],"methodology,":[145],"develops":[147],"iterative":[149],"process":[150],"updating":[151],"all":[152],"variable":[153],"blocks":[154],"alternatively.":[155],"Extensive":[156],"numerical":[157],"results":[158],"verify":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"our":[163],"proposed":[164],"algorithm":[165],"demonstrate":[167],"significant":[169],"advantage":[170],"scheme":[174],"over":[175],"device-free":[177],"counterpart":[178],"when":[179],"targets":[182],"can":[183],"get":[184],"connected":[185],"ISAC":[188],"network.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-02-04T00:00:00"}