{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415482264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3622205","title":"Physically Consistent Modeling for Multi-Layer Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Multi-User Communications","display_name":"Physically Consistent Modeling for Multi-Layer Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Multi-User Communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415482264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3622205"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3622205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3622205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113178622","display_name":"Yingzhe Hui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingzhe Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0890-5820","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607349","display_name":"Shuyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-807X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-807X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102866993","display_name":"Xiqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-3334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-3334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940082","display_name":"Weixiao Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-2866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixiao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-2866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16237665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"6004","last_page":"6019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9323999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-system","display_name":"Physical system","score":0.3513000011444092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7516999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206844423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157313","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779193601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20026918","display_name":"Mathematical theory","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3622205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3622205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2902494494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YQ2023005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3831968167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6923732160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7315342906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62431009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038462420","https://openalex.org/W2047492005","https://openalex.org/W2106253730","https://openalex.org/W2167592052","https://openalex.org/W2767817194","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2798701005","https://openalex.org/W2963673880","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3035534887","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3120434479","https://openalex.org/W3167603521","https://openalex.org/W3210076811","https://openalex.org/W4212835306","https://openalex.org/W4226067766","https://openalex.org/W4240183157","https://openalex.org/W4248288458","https://openalex.org/W4255831798","https://openalex.org/W4295308392","https://openalex.org/W4321021715","https://openalex.org/W4381785968","https://openalex.org/W4381785979","https://openalex.org/W4384158446","https://openalex.org/W4386431935","https://openalex.org/W4387870383","https://openalex.org/W4392157990","https://openalex.org/W4394811171","https://openalex.org/W4394828408","https://openalex.org/W4396505702","https://openalex.org/W4396941274","https://openalex.org/W4399666068","https://openalex.org/W4400035742","https://openalex.org/W4404102581","https://openalex.org/W4404576920","https://openalex.org/W4404688957","https://openalex.org/W4406321252","https://openalex.org/W4408325774","https://openalex.org/W4409153494"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57],"advent":[1],"of":[2,38,85],"multi-layer":[3,39,53,169],"reconfigurable":[4],"intelligent":[5],"surfaces":[6],"(RIS)":[7],"has":[8],"introduced":[9],"new":[10],"possibilities":[11],"for":[12,52,167],"integrating":[13],"communication,":[14],"sensing,":[15],"and":[16,65,119,135,153],"computation":[17],"within":[18],"the":[19,35,82,114,144,155],"wave":[20],"domain.":[21],"Existing":[22],"models,":[23],"however,":[24],"often":[25],"rely":[26],"on":[27,61],"simplified":[28],"mathematical":[29],"abstractions,":[30],"failing":[31],"to":[32,81,148],"accurately":[33,149],"represent":[34],"physical":[36,133],"behavior":[37,152],"RIS-assisted":[40],"systems.":[41,174],"To":[42,103],"bridge":[43],"this":[44,104],"gap,":[45],"we":[46,106],"present":[47],"a":[48,88,164],"physically":[49],"consistent":[50],"model":[51,58],"RIS-enabled":[54],"multi-user":[55],"communications.":[56],"is":[59],"based":[60],"electromagnetic":[62],"(EM)":[63],"theory":[64],"Chu\u2019s":[66],"antenna":[67],"principles,":[68],"incorporating":[69],"mutual":[70],"coupling":[71],"(MC)":[72],"effects":[73,137],"through":[74,160],"an":[75,108],"impedance-parameterized":[76],"multi-port":[77],"circuit":[78],"framework.":[79],"Contrary":[80],"conventional":[83],"view":[84],"MC":[86,98,136],"as":[87],"performance-limiting":[89],"factor,":[90],"our":[91],"analysis":[92],"demonstrates":[93],"that,":[94],"when":[95],"properly":[96],"managed,":[97],"can":[99],"enhance":[100],"system":[101,151],"efficiency.":[102],"end,":[105],"design":[107],"optimization":[109],"algorithm":[110],"that":[111,132],"iteratively":[112],"updates":[113],"RIS":[115,170],"phase":[116],"control":[117],"matrix":[118],"transmits":[120],"power":[121],"using":[122],"gradient":[123],"ascent":[124],"combined":[125],"with":[126],"successive":[127],"convex":[128],"approximation":[129],"(SCA),":[130],"ensuring":[131],"constraints":[134],"are":[138],"fully":[139],"integrated.":[140],"Simulation":[141],"results":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"proposed":[145],"model\u2019s":[146],"ability":[147],"predict":[150],"highlight":[154],"potential":[156],"performance":[157],"gains":[158],"achievable":[159],"MC-aware":[161],"design,":[162],"offering":[163],"practical":[165],"foundation":[166],"optimizing":[168],"in":[171],"advanced":[172],"communication":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00"}
