{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414270423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3608676","title":"On the Performance of Vehicular Full-Duplex ISAC Systems With Cluster-Based Sensing Models","display_name":"On the Performance of Vehicular Full-Duplex ISAC Systems With Cluster-Based Sensing Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414270423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3608676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3608676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3608676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Talha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2030-7766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Talha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","University of Illinois Chicago, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2030-7766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632189","display_name":"David Gonz\u00e1lez G.","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-8481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147869694","display_name":"Continental (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0359s0245","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gonz\u00e1lez G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Hanover, Germany","Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-8481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Hanover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147869694"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018641453","display_name":"Besma Smida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9601-7322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Besma Smida","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","University of Illinois Chicago, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9601-7322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7251,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96336074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"4113","last_page":"4127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6401000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5719000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.690500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6401000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5719000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128975484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492872","display_name":"Angular spectrum method","level":3,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777115002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168246","display_name":"Performance prediction","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165646398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3755281","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3608676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3608676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W2049516452","https://openalex.org/W2050748768","https://openalex.org/W2110395783","https://openalex.org/W2123774638","https://openalex.org/W2125930644","https://openalex.org/W2160030828","https://openalex.org/W2299553154","https://openalex.org/W2320115123","https://openalex.org/W2463747392","https://openalex.org/W2562896287","https://openalex.org/W2571559166","https://openalex.org/W2592680288","https://openalex.org/W2625895193","https://openalex.org/W2758270226","https://openalex.org/W2904019619","https://openalex.org/W2913285031","https://openalex.org/W2963706687","https://openalex.org/W2972894689","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3047103089","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3175374502","https://openalex.org/W3200820186","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4214839896","https://openalex.org/W4285268614","https://openalex.org/W4290996436","https://openalex.org/W4293370520","https://openalex.org/W4312051219","https://openalex.org/W4312767306","https://openalex.org/W4376455339","https://openalex.org/W4381735924","https://openalex.org/W4393380163","https://openalex.org/W4394586080","https://openalex.org/W4399995522","https://openalex.org/W4401358258","https://openalex.org/W4404787558","https://openalex.org/W4408564430"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In-band":[0],"Full-Duplex":[1],"(FD)":[2],"Multiple-Input":[3],"Multiple-Output":[4],"(MIMO)":[5],"systems":[6],"present":[7],"a":[8,40,61,102,183,208,231,249],"major":[9],"opportunity":[10],"for":[11,35,82,130,150,215],"Integrated":[12],"Sensing":[13],"and":[14,22,31,79,89,133,161,174,248],"Communication":[15],"(ISAC)":[16],"by":[17,60,241],"enabling":[18],"simultaneous":[19],"signal":[20,251],"transmission":[21],"reception.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,96,124,206],"study":[28],"the":[29,87,92,126,134,158,166,170,192,195,203,235,239],"performance":[30,50,77],"implementation":[32,81],"of":[33,91,106,136,148,155,157,194,197,199,238],"FD-ISAC":[34,220],"vehicle-to-infrastructure":[36],"(V2I)":[37],"communications":[38],"using":[39],"more":[41,184],"precise":[42],"sensing":[43,71,93,99,120],"model.":[44],"A":[45],"common":[46],"assumption":[47,75],"in":[48,153,169],"ISAC":[49],"analysis":[51,78,180],"has":[52],"been":[53],"that":[54,182,226],"all":[55],"targets":[56],"can":[57],"be":[58],"represented":[59],"<italic":[62,103],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[63,104],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">single":[64],"point</i>":[65],"coordinate":[66],"-":[67,116],"named":[68,117],"single":[69],"ray":[70,119],"model":[72,97,121,186],"(SRSM).":[73],"This":[74],"simplifies":[76],"algorithm":[80,214],"ISAC,":[83],"but":[84],"it":[85],"overlooks":[86],"shape":[88],"size":[90],"targets.":[94,138,200],"Thus,":[95],"each":[98],"target":[100],"as":[101,243],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">cluster":[105],"rays</i>":[107],"with":[108,113,230],"certain":[109],"angular":[110,131,151,176,189],"characteristics":[111],"associated":[112],"its":[114,162],"geometry":[115],"cluster":[118],"(CRSM).":[122],"Then,":[123],"derive":[125],"Cramer-Rao":[127],"Bound":[128],"(CRB)":[129],"direction":[132,152,196],"variance":[135],"cluster-modeled":[137],"We":[139],"also":[140],"provide":[141],"an":[142],"(easy":[143],"to":[144,245,252],"optimize)":[145],"lower":[146],"bound":[147],"CRB":[149,204],"terms":[154],"eigenvalues":[156],"covariance":[159],"matrix":[160],"derivative,":[163],"which":[164],"approaches":[165],"original":[167],"value":[168],"low":[171,175],"signal-to-noise":[172],"(SNR)":[173],"spread":[177],"regime.":[178],"Our":[179],"shows":[181],"accurate":[185],"(with":[187],"large":[188],"variance)":[190],"improves":[191],"estimation":[193],"arrival":[198],"Based":[201],"on":[202],"expressions,":[205],"design":[207],"partially":[209],"connected":[210],"hybrid":[211],"beamforming":[212],"(HBF)":[213],"millimeter":[216],"wave":[217],"(mmWave)":[218],"OFDM":[219],"systems.":[221],"The":[222],"simulation":[223],"results":[224],"show":[225],"assuming":[227,246],"CRSM":[228],"together":[229],"proposed":[232],"HBF":[233],"increases":[234],"data":[236],"rate":[237],"system":[240],"25%":[242],"compared":[244],"SRSM":[247],"max":[250],"interference":[253],"plus":[254],"noise":[255],"ratio":[256],"(SINR)":[257],"scheme.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-10T23:39:48.068659","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}