{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414221759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3605550","title":"Hybrid Near\u2013Far Field 6D Movable Antenna Design Exploiting Directional Sparsity and Deep Learning","display_name":"Hybrid Near\u2013Far Field 6D Movable Antenna Design Exploiting Directional Sparsity and Deep Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414221759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3605550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3605550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3605550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007320479","display_name":"Xiaodan Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-8045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany","Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-8045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034443119","display_name":"Limei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8899-0771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8899-0771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030634441","display_name":"Yulong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-1096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358680","display_name":"Xing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-6737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635279","display_name":"Yixiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-6676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-6676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064394830","display_name":"Jingze Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-2671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingze Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-2671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007214943","display_name":"Xiaoming Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-5621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-5621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352725","display_name":"Feng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006080984","display_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033990377","display_name":"Robert Schober","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-4884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Schober","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany","Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-4884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98738305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"3736","last_page":"3749"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.7032999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5131999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.4205000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.802299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.7032999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5131999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3605550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3605550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2107600228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336370","funder_display_name":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3055050461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B0303000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336370","funder_display_name":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5804718134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329841","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329841","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336370","display_name":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1764924767","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2336558992","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2949649067","https://openalex.org/W2963281902","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2997786076","https://openalex.org/W3035021556","https://openalex.org/W3088210200","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3121978485","https://openalex.org/W3162169943","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3208187232","https://openalex.org/W3213225772","https://openalex.org/W3214685046","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4282978725","https://openalex.org/W4384916974","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W4391305366","https://openalex.org/W4391696901","https://openalex.org/W4392405440","https://openalex.org/W4399518847","https://openalex.org/W4401990735","https://openalex.org/W4403210055","https://openalex.org/W4403863641","https://openalex.org/W4404307132","https://openalex.org/W4405304400","https://openalex.org/W4406458572","https://openalex.org/W4406689889","https://openalex.org/W4406948532","https://openalex.org/W4407639535","https://openalex.org/W4408325361","https://openalex.org/W4408948371","https://openalex.org/W4409014629","https://openalex.org/W4410118018","https://openalex.org/W4410491912","https://openalex.org/W4411600898","https://openalex.org/W4413639554","https://openalex.org/W4414123493","https://openalex.org/W4414229913","https://openalex.org/W7116748904"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Six-dimensional":[0],"movable":[1],"antenna":[2,189,199,290],"(6DMA)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"identified":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,18,25,174,182,205,226],"new":[9],"disruptive":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12,153,186],"future":[13],"wireless":[14],"systems":[15],"to":[16,43,75,91,97],"support":[17],"large":[19],"number":[20],"of":[21,110,118,218,234,247],"users":[22,67],"with":[23,267],"only":[24],"few":[26],"antennas.":[27],"However,":[28],"the":[29,33,38,54,58,71,76,79,87,98,102,108,111,115,119,125,129,194,215,219,232,235,248,257,265,277,282,294],"intricate":[30],"relationships":[31],"between":[32,53],"signal":[34],"carrier":[35],"wavelength":[36],"and":[37,57,101,105,114,122,124,160,223],"transceiver":[39],"region":[40,73,89],"size":[41],"lead":[42],"inaccuracies":[44],"in":[45,62,70,86,225,293],"traditional":[46,272],"far-field":[47,72],"6DMA":[48,64,81,93,112,120,148,158,165,220,278],"channel":[49,60,100,113,149,176,184,238,250,259,266,273],"model,":[50,150,239],"causing":[51],"discrepancies":[52],"model":[55],"predictions":[56],"hybrid-field":[59,146,237],"characteristics":[61],"practical":[63],"systems,":[65,291],"where":[66],"might":[68],"be":[69],"relative":[74,90],"antennas":[77],"on":[78],"same":[80],"surface,":[82],"while":[83,192],"simultaneously":[84],"being":[85],"near-field":[88,249,295],"different":[92,164],"surfaces.":[94,166],"Moreover,":[95,276],"due":[96],"high-dimensional":[99],"coupled":[103],"position":[104],"rotation":[106],"constraints,":[107],"estimation":[109,177,260,274],"joint":[116,216],"design":[117,207,217],"positions":[121],"rotations":[123],"transmit":[126],"beamforming":[127,224],"at":[128],"base":[130],"station":[131],"(BS)":[132],"incur":[133],"extremely":[134],"high":[135],"computational":[136,269],"complexity.":[137],"To":[138],"address":[139],"these":[140],"issues,":[141],"we":[142,172,203],"propose":[143,173,204],"an":[144],"efficient":[145],"generalized":[147],"which":[151,213,240],"accounts":[152],"planar-wave":[154],"propagation":[155,162],"within":[156],"individual":[157],"surfaces":[159],"spherical-wave":[161],"among":[163],"Furthermore,":[167],"by":[168,198,281],"leveraging":[169,208],"directional":[170],"sparsity,":[171],"low-overhead":[175],"algorithm":[178,261,285],"that":[179,246,256],"efficiently":[180],"constructs":[181],"complete":[183],"map":[185],"all":[187],"potential":[188],"position-rotation":[190],"pairs":[191],"limiting":[193],"training":[195],"overhead":[196],"incurred":[197],"movement.":[200],"In":[201],"addition,":[202],"low-complexity":[206],"deep":[209],"reinforcement":[210],"learning":[211],"(DRL),":[212],"facilitates":[214],"positions,":[221],"rotations,":[222],"unified":[227],"manner.":[228],"Numerical":[229],"results":[230,253],"demonstrate":[231],"superiority":[233],"proposed":[236,258,283],"achieves":[241],"sum":[242],"rates":[243],"closely":[244],"approaching":[245],"model.":[251],"The":[252],"also":[254],"show":[255],"can":[262],"accurately":[263],"recover":[264],"lower":[268],"complexity":[270],"than":[271],"algorithm.":[275],"system":[279],"enhanced":[280],"DRL":[284],"significantly":[286],"outperforms":[287],"existing":[288],"flexible":[289],"especially":[292],"region.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
