{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414166106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3604459","title":"Secure Satellite Communications via Multiple Aerial RISs: Joint Optimization of Reflection, Association, and Deployment","display_name":"Secure Satellite Communications via Multiple Aerial RISs: Joint Optimization of Reflection, Association, and Deployment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414166106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3604459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3604459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3604459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhaole Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaole Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078993685","display_name":"Naijin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-2753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naijin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunication and Navigation Satellites, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China","Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-2753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunication and Navigation Satellites, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037838330","display_name":"Xiao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-5413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8971-5413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101557177","display_name":"Shuai Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-8904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035252536","display_name":"Chenxi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-7668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049905007","display_name":"Zhi Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1746-260X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1746-260X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054096196","display_name":"Qinghe Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-9166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghe Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-9166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386983","display_name":"Jinxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-3223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-3223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30124647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"3499","last_page":"3513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12717","display_name":"Space exploration and regulation","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multicast","display_name":"Secure multicast","score":0.42739999294281006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8219000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776147584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2711392","display_name":"Secure multicast","level":5,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927140","display_name":"Block Error Rate","level":3,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126669455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630941","display_name":"Teleconference","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3604459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3604459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2000514598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5776692792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515030215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G928520332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52105480","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973543424","https://openalex.org/W2055701814","https://openalex.org/W2082276212","https://openalex.org/W2964309731","https://openalex.org/W3003551566","https://openalex.org/W3134459480","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W3162741300","https://openalex.org/W3165448662","https://openalex.org/W3172818029","https://openalex.org/W3174510089","https://openalex.org/W3176841683","https://openalex.org/W3177239694","https://openalex.org/W3194394973","https://openalex.org/W4214923099","https://openalex.org/W4221166135","https://openalex.org/W4225765847","https://openalex.org/W4293143556","https://openalex.org/W4309400197","https://openalex.org/W4312685994","https://openalex.org/W4319866159","https://openalex.org/W4323065882","https://openalex.org/W4327521687","https://openalex.org/W4379931192","https://openalex.org/W4385267313","https://openalex.org/W4385269824","https://openalex.org/W4386446962","https://openalex.org/W4386902935","https://openalex.org/W4386951693","https://openalex.org/W4387717494","https://openalex.org/W4390887455","https://openalex.org/W4391093003","https://openalex.org/W4399427622","https://openalex.org/W4399486976","https://openalex.org/W4399990488","https://openalex.org/W4401210818","https://openalex.org/W4401635336","https://openalex.org/W4402474682","https://openalex.org/W4402835509","https://openalex.org/W4402978519","https://openalex.org/W4405632947","https://openalex.org/W4405718155","https://openalex.org/W4409257574"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"communication":[1,120],"is":[2],"envisioned":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,61,115],"key":[6],"enabler":[7],"of":[8,48,82,134],"future":[9,138],"6G":[10],"networks,":[11],"yet":[12],"its":[13],"wide":[14],"coverage":[15],"with":[16],"high":[17],"link":[18],"attenuation":[19],"poses":[20],"significant":[21],"challenges":[22],"for":[23],"physical":[24],"layer":[25],"security.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,59,86],"investigate":[31],"secure":[32,119,139],"multi-beam,":[33],"multi-group":[34],"satellite":[35,112,140],"communications":[36],"assisted":[37],"by":[38],"aerial":[39],"reconfigurable":[40],"intelligent":[41,135],"surfaces":[42,136],"(ARISs).":[43],"To":[44],"maximize":[45],"the":[46,53,77,83,90,94,102,108,130],"sum":[47],"achievable":[49],"multicast":[50],"rates":[51],"among":[52],"groups":[54],"while":[55],"constraining":[56],"wiretap":[57],"rates,":[58],"formulate":[60],"joint":[62],"optimization":[63,133],"problem":[64,91],"involving":[65],"transmission":[66],"and":[67,72,79,92,132],"reflection":[68],"beamforming,":[69],"ARIS-group":[70],"association,":[71],"ARIS":[73],"deployment.":[74],"Due":[75],"to":[76,88],"mixed-integral":[78],"non-convex":[80],"nature":[81],"formulated":[84],"problem,":[85],"propose":[87],"decompose":[89],"employ":[93],"block":[95],"coordinate":[96],"descent":[97],"framework":[98],"that":[99,107],"iteratively":[100],"solves":[101],"subproblems.":[103],"Simulation":[104],"results":[105],"demonstrate":[106],"proposed":[109],"ARIS-assisted":[110],"multi-beam":[111],"system":[113],"provides":[114],"notable":[116],"improvement":[117],"in":[118,137],"performance":[121],"under":[122],"various":[123],"network":[124],"scenarios,":[125],"offering":[126],"useful":[127],"insights":[128],"into":[129],"deployment":[131],"networks.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}