{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414054166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3604003","title":"Active STAR-RIS-Aided Wireless Powered Communication Networks","display_name":"Active STAR-RIS-Aided Wireless Powered Communication Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414054166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3604003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3604003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3604003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009827642","display_name":"Ji Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-6044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-6044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114910568","display_name":"Yixuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-8396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-8396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yingqing Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8894-2773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingqing Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8894-2773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076986736","display_name":"Xingwang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006080984","display_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77201995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"3406","last_page":"3421"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6902999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6263999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-programming","display_name":"Fractional programming","score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.44350001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6902999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6263999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169069869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477546","display_name":"Fractional programming","level":4,"score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8854915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4350200","display_name":"Information transfer","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206468330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834373","display_name":"Code rate","level":3,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145446738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319913","display_name":"Convex function","level":3,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3604003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3604003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2847874799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCNU25ai026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6330862013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1632601927","https://openalex.org/W1916723779","https://openalex.org/W1922569449","https://openalex.org/W2039571099","https://openalex.org/W2068531154","https://openalex.org/W2101481747","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2149831971","https://openalex.org/W2177372563","https://openalex.org/W2242946604","https://openalex.org/W2788428941","https://openalex.org/W2963035841","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W3007170290","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3092592393","https://openalex.org/W3114917120","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3159238803","https://openalex.org/W3165173280","https://openalex.org/W3174042897","https://openalex.org/W3184496427","https://openalex.org/W3196114134","https://openalex.org/W3205217150","https://openalex.org/W3211897542","https://openalex.org/W3217804057","https://openalex.org/W4213157525","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4312727100","https://openalex.org/W4313067094","https://openalex.org/W4381198807","https://openalex.org/W4382118983","https://openalex.org/W4382998721","https://openalex.org/W4387068215","https://openalex.org/W4387682071","https://openalex.org/W4389544263","https://openalex.org/W4389544514","https://openalex.org/W4391892518","https://openalex.org/W4397000079","https://openalex.org/W4401990339","https://openalex.org/W4403181897","https://openalex.org/W4404056731","https://openalex.org/W4406012111","https://openalex.org/W4410491789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W4252076617","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W2109048960","https://openalex.org/W2741481635","https://openalex.org/W2338537463","https://openalex.org/W2183644707","https://openalex.org/W2038165453","https://openalex.org/W1885824365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,37],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,140,159,191],"investigate":[4],"a":[5,13,52,161,193],"wireless":[6],"powered":[7],"communication":[8],"network":[9],"(WPCN)":[10],"in":[11,155,202,218,227],"which":[12,101],"multi-antenna":[14],"hybrid":[15],"access":[16],"point":[17],"(HAP)":[18],"communicates":[19],"with":[20,51,132,229,252],"multiple":[21,133],"Internet-of-Things":[22],"(IoT)":[23],"devices,":[24,119],"assisted":[25],"by":[26],"an":[27],"active":[28,234],"simultaneously":[29],"transmitting":[30,114],"and":[31,58,86,113,120,136,174,206,236],"reflecting":[32],"reconfigurable":[33],"intelligent":[34],"surface":[35],"(aSTAR-RIS).":[36],"the":[38,43,49,64,67,77,104,107,117,121,124,129,150,153,156,170,175,182,185,188,199,203,207,216,222,230,233,237,242,246,249,253,259,262,267,277,281],"energy":[39,47,54,80],"transfer":[40],"(ET)":[41],"phase,":[42,158,190],"IoT":[44,118,274],"devices":[45],"harvest":[46],"from":[48],"HAP":[50,65],"nonlinear":[53],"harvesting":[55],"(EH)":[56],"model,":[57],"subsequently":[59],"transmit":[60],"information":[61,68],"signals":[62],"to":[63,148,168,180,197],"during":[66,187],"transmission":[69],"(IT)":[70],"phase.":[71],"To":[72,127],"explore":[73],"its":[74],"full":[75],"potential,":[76],"aSTAR-RIS":[78,125,154,186,217],"employs":[79],"splitting":[81],"(ES),":[82],"mode":[83],"switching":[84,88],"(MS),":[85],"time":[87,111],"(TS)":[89],"protocols.":[90],"A":[91],"sum":[92,224],"rate":[93,177,225,271],"maximization":[94],"problem":[95,131],"is":[96,261],"formulated":[97],"for":[98,116,272],"each":[99,273],"protocol,":[100],"jointly":[102],"optimize":[103,149],"beamforming":[105],"at":[106],"HAP,":[108],"allocation":[109],"of":[110,123,152,184,232],"slots":[112],"power":[115],"adaptation":[122],"coefficients.":[126],"address":[128,198],"optimization":[130],"coupled":[134],"variables":[135],"complex":[137],"non-convex":[138],"constraints,":[139],"firstly":[141],"decompose":[142],"it":[143],"into":[144],"several":[145],"subproblems.":[146],"Specifically,":[147],"coefficients":[151,183],"IT":[157],"develop":[160],"fractional":[162,171],"programming-based":[163],"successive":[164],"convex":[165],"approximation":[166],"algorithm":[167,196],"handle":[169],"objective":[172],"function":[173],"minimum":[176,268],"constraints.":[178,209],"Moreover,":[179],"obtain":[181],"ET":[189],"design":[192],"penalty-based":[194],"SCA":[195],"binary":[200],"constraints":[201],"MS":[204,254],"protocol":[205],"rank-one":[208],"Numerical":[210],"results":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"that":[213],"1)":[214],"employing":[215],"WPCNs":[219],"can":[220],"realize":[221],"extraordinary":[223],"gain":[226],"comparison":[228],"benchmarks":[231],"RIS":[235],"passive":[238],"STAR-RIS;":[239],"2)":[240],"among":[241,280],"three":[243,282],"operation":[244],"protocols,":[245],"ES":[247],"demonstrates":[248],"best":[250],"performance,":[251],"following":[255],"closely":[256],"behind,":[257],"while":[258],"TS":[260],"least":[263],"effective;":[264],"3)":[265],"as":[266],"required":[269],"data":[270],"device":[275],"decreases,":[276],"performance":[278],"gap":[279],"protocols":[283],"becomes":[284],"narrower.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}