{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413472512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3599411","title":"Second Order Channel Statistics: An Analysis for Optimal Single-User RIS Systems","display_name":"Second Order Channel Statistics: An Analysis for Optimal Single-User RIS Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413472512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3599411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3599411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3599411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/651012167/Paper_TW_Jan_25_0016_R2_3_.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091938939","display_name":"Amy S. Inwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-1588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy S. Inwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-1588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011583707","display_name":"Peter J. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-2581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-2581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077427921","display_name":"Philippa A. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1780-3657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippa A. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1780-3657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045172399","display_name":"Graeme Woodward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-8813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graeme K. Woodward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-8813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20490158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"2796","last_page":"2810"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-statistics","display_name":"Higher-order statistics","score":0.652412474155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6343391537666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5459784269332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.46933498978614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order-statistic","display_name":"Order statistic","score":0.412839412689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4127585291862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30501341819763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22140148282051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.18118759989738464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780576426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757980","display_name":"Higher-order statistics","level":4,"score":0.652412474155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6343391537666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5459784269332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.46933498978614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44082924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767128","display_name":"Order statistic","level":2,"score":0.412839412689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4127585291862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30501341819763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22140148282051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.18118759989738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3599411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3599411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/98f25888-acd2-4091-93d5-45bebc9ebd60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/98f25888-acd2-4091-93d5-45bebc9ebd60","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/651012167/Paper_TW_Jan_25_0016_R2_3_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Inwood, A S, Smith, P, Martin, P A & Woodward, G K 2025, 'Second order channel statistics: an analysis for optimal single-user RIS systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3599411","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/98f25888-acd2-4091-93d5-45bebc9ebd60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/98f25888-acd2-4091-93d5-45bebc9ebd60","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/651012167/Paper_TW_Jan_25_0016_R2_3_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Inwood, A S, Smith, P, Martin, P A & Woodward, G K 2025, 'Second order channel statistics: an analysis for optimal single-user RIS systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3599411","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413472512.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413472512.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005581903","https://openalex.org/W2052236587","https://openalex.org/W2059904320","https://openalex.org/W2117989613","https://openalex.org/W2123733451","https://openalex.org/W2127401968","https://openalex.org/W2128954510","https://openalex.org/W2131627627","https://openalex.org/W2761887981","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971355338","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3112876812","https://openalex.org/W3135296589","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3165711719","https://openalex.org/W3197291480","https://openalex.org/W3211225894","https://openalex.org/W4210801596","https://openalex.org/W4212888567","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4285115291","https://openalex.org/W4294310670","https://openalex.org/W4312280276","https://openalex.org/W4378364861","https://openalex.org/W4379377671","https://openalex.org/W4389665087","https://openalex.org/W4390778797","https://openalex.org/W4391467975","https://openalex.org/W4393285808","https://openalex.org/W4399486950","https://openalex.org/W4408324970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352559315","https://openalex.org/W3209622190","https://openalex.org/W2066623143","https://openalex.org/W4286207775","https://openalex.org/W1976985527","https://openalex.org/W2145466987","https://openalex.org/W1988154963","https://openalex.org/W2132277559","https://openalex.org/W2112802611","https://openalex.org/W1971510321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"key":[1,174],"challenge":[2],"facing":[3],"reconfigurable":[4],"intelligent":[5],"surfaces":[6],"(RISs)":[7],"is":[8,111,128,177],"channel":[9,28,150,158],"state":[10],"information":[11],"acquisition.":[12],"Passive":[13],"RISs":[14],"cannot":[15],"generate":[16],"pilot":[17],"signals":[18],"or":[19],"process":[20],"data,":[21],"making":[22],"rapid":[23],"temporal":[24,123],"changes":[25,35,191],"in":[26,36,45,192],"the":[27,31,55,80,86,100,103,116,143,148,152,164,171,182,193],"problematic.":[29],"Additionally,":[30],"impact":[32,172],"of":[33,58,85,102,147,163,173,184],"spatial":[34,144],"RIS":[37,62,68,87,186],"channels":[38],"has":[39],"not":[40,188],"been":[41],"thoroughly":[42],"investigated.":[43,178],"Therefore,":[44],"this":[46],"work,":[47],"we":[48,74],"use":[49,183],"second":[50],"order":[51],"statistics":[52],"to":[53,69,114,157],"investigate":[54],"spatio-temporal":[56],"behaviour":[57],"a":[59,65,95,137],"single-user":[60],"(SU)":[61],"system.":[63],"Assuming":[64,136],"line-of-sight":[66],"(LoS)":[67],"base":[70],"station":[71],"(BS)":[72],"link,":[73,140],"derive":[75],"an":[76,132,185],"exact":[77],"expression":[78,109],"for":[79,99,142],"level":[81],"crossing":[82],"rate":[83],"(LCR)":[84],"link":[88],"(user":[89],"equipment":[90],"(UE)-RIS-BS":[91],"path)":[92],"and":[93,151,170],"propose":[94],"numerically":[96],"stable":[97],"approximation":[98],"LCR":[101,108],"global":[104,149],"UE-BS":[105],"channel.":[106,194],"Each":[107],"attained":[110],"then":[112],"utilised":[113],"find":[115],"corresponding":[117],"average":[118],"fade":[119],"duration":[120],"(AFD).":[121],"The":[122],"signal-to-noise":[124],"ratio":[125],"(SNR)":[126],"correlation":[127,145],"also":[129],"derived":[130],"assuming":[131],"LoS":[133],"RIS-BS":[134,139],"link.":[135],"Ricean":[138],"expressions":[141],"matrix":[146],"mean":[153],"SNR":[154],"loss":[155],"due":[156],"ageing":[159],"are":[160,166],"derived.":[161],"All":[162],"analyses":[165],"verified":[167],"by":[168],"simulation,":[169],"system":[175],"parameters":[176],"We":[179],"show":[180],"that":[181],"does":[187],"significantly":[189],"amplify":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}