{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413318844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3596804","title":"Digital Twin-Assisted Explainable AI for Robust Beam Prediction in mmWave MIMO Systems","display_name":"Digital Twin-Assisted Explainable AI for Robust Beam Prediction in mmWave MIMO Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413318844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3596804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3596804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3596804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3596804","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102008313","display_name":"Nasir Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-8373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye","department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-8373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046741256","display_name":"Asmaa Abdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-9333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asmaa Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-9333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034034574","display_name":"Abdulkadir \u00c7elik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-9979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulkadir Celik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-9979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013660772","display_name":"Ahmed M. Eltawil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-083X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Eltawil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-083X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063874470","display_name":"Sinem \u00c7\u00f6leri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7502-3122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinem Coleri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye","department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7502-3122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102008313"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3062,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82754795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"2435","last_page":"2451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9539999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7287354469299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6806135177612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4365256428718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33402639627456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33321094512939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.20956271886825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0908326804637909}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7287354469299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6806135177612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4365256428718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33402639627456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33321094512939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.20956271886825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0908326804637909}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3596804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3596804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:505759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3596804>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/505759/1/Digital_Twin-Assisted_Explainable_AI_for_Robust_Beam_Prediction_in_mmWave_MIMO_Systems.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3596804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3596804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3933483127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"119C058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7981492298","display_name":"Ford Otomotiv Sanayi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"line":[1],"with":[2,138],"the":[3,85,90,98,131,136,146,160,185,208],"AI-native":[4],"6G":[5],"vision,":[6],"explainability":[7],"and":[8,15,48,58,149,157,178,199,222,235],"robustness":[9,226],"are":[10],"crucial":[11],"for":[12,28,65,195],"building":[13],"trust":[14],"ensuring":[16,200],"reliable":[17],"performance":[18],"in":[19,135],"millimeter-wave":[20],"(mmWave)":[21],"systems.":[22,70],"Efficient":[23],"beam":[24,61,94,154,180,217],"alignment":[25,62],"is":[26,127],"essential":[27],"initial":[29],"access,":[30],"but":[31],"deep":[32,163],"learning":[33,126],"(DL)":[34],"solutions":[35],"face":[36],"challenges,":[37],"including":[38],"high":[39],"data":[40,102,116,213],"collection":[41],"overhead,":[42],"hardware":[43],"constraints,":[44],"lack":[45],"of":[46,92,100],"explainability,":[47],"susceptibility":[49],"to":[50,83,112,129,168,229,240],"adversarial":[51],"attacks.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"a":[56,107,192],"robust":[57],"explainable":[59],"DL-based":[60],"engine":[63],"(BAE)":[64],"mmWave":[66],"multiple-input":[67],"multiple-output":[68],"(MIMO)":[69],"The":[71],"BAE":[72],"uses":[73,162],"received":[74],"signal":[75],"strength":[76],"indicator":[77],"(RSSI)":[78],"measurements":[79],"from":[80],"wide":[81],"beams":[82],"predict":[84],"best":[86],"narrow":[87],"beam,":[88],"reducing":[89],"overhead":[91,156,219],"exhaustive":[93],"sweeping.":[95,181],"To":[96,152],"overcome":[97],"challenge":[99],"real-world":[101,119,140,150,212],"collection,":[103],"this":[104],"work":[105],"leverages":[106],"site-specific":[108],"digital":[109,147],"twin":[110],"(DT)":[111],"generate":[113],"synthetic":[114],"channel":[115],"closely":[117],"resembling":[118],"environments.":[120,151],"A":[121],"model":[122,133],"refinement":[123],"via":[124],"transfer":[125],"proposed":[128,209],"fine-tune":[130],"pre-trained":[132],"residing":[134],"DT":[137],"minimal":[139],"data,":[141],"effectively":[142],"bridging":[143],"mismatches":[144],"between":[145],"replica":[148],"reduce":[153],"training":[155,218],"enhance":[158],"transparency,":[159],"framework":[161,210],"Shapley":[164],"additive":[165],"explanations":[166],"(SHAP)":[167],"rank":[169],"input":[170],"features":[171],"by":[172,215,220,227],"importance,":[173],"prioritizing":[174],"key":[175],"spatial":[176],"directions":[177],"minimizing":[179],"It":[182],"also":[183],"incorporates":[184],"Deep":[186],"k-nearest":[187],"neighbors":[188],"(DkNN)":[189],"algorithm,":[190],"providing":[191],"credibility":[193],"metric":[194],"detecting":[196],"out-of-distribution":[197],"inputs":[198],"robust,":[201],"transparent":[202,236],"decision-making.":[203],"Experimental":[204],"results":[205],"show":[206],"that":[207],"reduces":[211],"needs":[214],"70%,":[216],"62%,":[221],"improves":[223],"outlier":[224],"detection":[225],"up":[228],"8.5\u00d7,":[230],"achieving":[231],"near-optimal":[232],"spectral":[233],"efficiency":[234],"decision":[237],"making":[238],"compared":[239],"traditional":[241],"softmax":[242],"based":[243],"DL":[244],"models.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}