{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412610154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3589367","title":"Automatic Neural Network Construction Based on Neural Tangent Kernel for IRS-Aided Beamforming","display_name":"Automatic Neural Network Construction Based on Neural Tangent Kernel for IRS-Aided Beamforming","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412610154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3589367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3589367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3589367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114244510","display_name":"H. C. Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1790-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoqing Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1790-9562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006220583","display_name":"Taotao Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-1069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taotao Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-1069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401162","display_name":"Zheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3528-558X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3528-558X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056225611","display_name":"Yongming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1928862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"1155","last_page":"1168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9362000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","score":0.9305999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7845944166183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7000381946563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6475605964660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5497303009033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4939165711402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36102262139320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24407678842544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21313971281051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.08478990197181702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7845944166183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7000381946563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6475605964660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5497303009033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4939165711402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36102262139320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24407678842544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21313971281051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.08478990197181702}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3589367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3589367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G878839888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20222001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326318","funder_display_name":"Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8872165694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G900479562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62225107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326318","display_name":"Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03bzf1g85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160692033","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2963136578","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W3000522337","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3096533519","https://openalex.org/W3109685033","https://openalex.org/W3160036209","https://openalex.org/W3169336656","https://openalex.org/W3172159586","https://openalex.org/W3212260081","https://openalex.org/W4296425705","https://openalex.org/W4312288512","https://openalex.org/W4312959941","https://openalex.org/W4317418971","https://openalex.org/W4317515958","https://openalex.org/W4376480889","https://openalex.org/W4381785778","https://openalex.org/W4383428064","https://openalex.org/W4385811716","https://openalex.org/W4385834038","https://openalex.org/W4387491909","https://openalex.org/W4389331899","https://openalex.org/W4392908419","https://openalex.org/W4393371732","https://openalex.org/W4396523227","https://openalex.org/W4400228719","https://openalex.org/W4405869385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2567141277","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surface":[2],"(IRS)":[3],"emerges":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,36,78,128],"promising":[7],"technology":[8],"to":[9,35,136,151],"enhance":[10],"wireless":[11],"communication":[12,25],"in":[13,160],"recent":[14],"years.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,45,55,62,103,143],"applications":[18],"of":[19,57,58,65,105,145],"deep":[20,153],"learning":[21],"algorithms":[22],"within":[23],"RIS-aided":[24],"systems":[26],"often":[27],"suffer":[28],"performance":[29,149],"degradation":[30],"under":[31],"extreme":[32],"conditions":[33],"owing":[34],"reliance":[37],"on":[38],"manual":[39],"trial-and-error":[40],"attempts.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"proposed":[46],"beamforming":[47,100],"neural":[48,59,106],"network":[49],"architecture":[50],"search":[51,80,133],"(BNAS)":[52],"framework":[53],"automates":[54],"design":[56],"networks":[60],"for":[61,99],"joint":[63],"optimization":[64,113],"precoding":[66],"vectors":[67],"and":[68,76,93,115,131,156],"IRS":[69],"phase":[70],"shift":[71],"vectors.":[72],"To":[73],"improve":[74],"robustness":[75],"performance,":[77],"specialized":[79],"space,":[81],"incorporating":[82],"two":[83],"cascading":[84],"supernets":[85],"with":[86],"selectable":[87],"channel":[88],"routes,":[89],"diverse":[90],"topological":[91],"connections,":[92],"varied":[94],"operations,":[95],"is":[96],"meticulously":[97],"crafted":[98],"tasks.":[101],"Meanwhile,":[102],"integration":[104],"tangent":[107],"kernel":[108],"theory,":[109],"supported":[110],"by":[111],"alternative":[112],"guidance":[114],"bayesian":[116],"optimization,":[117],"not":[118],"only":[119],"enhances":[120],"interpretability":[121],"but":[122],"also":[123],"improves":[124],"efficiency,":[125],"thus":[126],"enabling":[127],"more":[129],"systematic":[130],"insightful":[132],"process":[134],"compared":[135,150],"conventional":[137],"approaches.":[138],"Extensive":[139],"numerical":[140],"simulations":[141],"confirm":[142],"applicability":[144],"BNAS,":[146],"demonstrating":[147],"superior":[148],"existing":[152],"learning-based":[154],"methods":[155],"traditional":[157],"algorithms,":[158],"particularly":[159],"challenging":[161],"scenarios.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}