{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6922030016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3585269","title":"An Efficient, Modular, and Pragmatic Array-Fed RIS Architecture for Multiuser MIMO","display_name":"An Efficient, Modular, and Pragmatic Array-Fed RIS Architecture for Multiuser MIMO","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6922030016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3585269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3585269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3585269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Krishan Kumar Tiwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-2121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishan Kumar Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty IV (EECS), Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-2121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty IV (EECS), Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Giuseppe Caire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-1333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Caire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty IV (EECS), Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-1333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty IV (EECS), Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78704554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"573","last_page":"586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.669700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.6168000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6144000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4851999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.34619998931884766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6980999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.669700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.6168000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6144000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4851999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777104032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16324514","display_name":"Multiuser detection","level":3,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83204339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523915","display_name":"Single antenna interference cancellation","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3585269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3585269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5436624884605408,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1977706751","https://openalex.org/W2015301486","https://openalex.org/W2021320580","https://openalex.org/W2097605771","https://openalex.org/W2146761479","https://openalex.org/W2152463001","https://openalex.org/W2154722736","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2784189352","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2788428941","https://openalex.org/W2793967010","https://openalex.org/W2796047239","https://openalex.org/W2805231505","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2974107276","https://openalex.org/W2995352668","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3115103619","https://openalex.org/W3128409631","https://openalex.org/W3199836582","https://openalex.org/W3203630573","https://openalex.org/W3210696071","https://openalex.org/W4200235450","https://openalex.org/W4292970212","https://openalex.org/W4317419741","https://openalex.org/W4385329441","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4387870014","https://openalex.org/W4391382301","https://openalex.org/W4401611315","https://openalex.org/W4402592596","https://openalex.org/W4402835034","https://openalex.org/W4403182892","https://openalex.org/W4404469382","https://openalex.org/W4404788522","https://openalex.org/W4404952457","https://openalex.org/W4410341853","https://openalex.org/W4414646885"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,34,47,57,69,75,86,95,236,246],"novel,":[4],"power-":[5],"and":[6,101,125,212,232],"hardware-efficient,":[7],"hybrid":[8],"multiuser":[9,168,175],"MIMO":[10],"architecture,":[11],"especially":[12],"suited":[13],"to":[14,32,93,130,172,187],"operate":[15],"in":[16,64,148,267],"high":[17,21,99],"frequency":[18,145],"bands":[19],"(e.g.,":[20],"mmWave),":[22],"where":[23],"beamforming":[24,162],"along":[25],"the":[26,65,90,119,123,126,131,137,140,149,178,188,193,198,253,257,264],"line-of-sight":[27],"(LOS)":[28],"path":[29],"is":[30,46,144,170,221,228],"necessary":[31],"achieve":[33],"sufficient":[35,171,183],"link":[36],"budget":[37],"for":[38,272],"communication.":[39],"The":[40,225],"main":[41],"ingredient":[42],"of":[43,60,68,79,89,134,151,192,200,256],"our":[44],"architecture":[45,227],"module":[48,92,260],"formed":[49],"by":[50,111],"an":[51],"active":[52,61],"multiantenna":[53],"feeder":[54],"(AMAF)":[55],"with":[56,74,98,182,204,216,263,269],"small":[58],"number":[59,78],"antennas,":[62],"placed":[63],"near":[66],"field":[67],"reconfigurable":[70],"intelligent":[71],"surface":[72],"(RIS),":[73],"much":[76,233],"larger":[77],"passive":[80],"controllable":[81],"reflecting":[82],"elements.":[83],"We":[84],"propose":[85],"pragmatic":[87],"design":[88],"basic":[91],"obtain":[94],"steerable":[96],"beam":[97,201],"gain":[100,255],"very":[102],"low":[103,190],"sidelobes.":[104],"Then,Kindependently":[105],"controlled":[106],"beams":[107],"can":[108],"be":[109],"obtained":[110],"closely":[112],"stackingKidentical":[113],"AMAF-RIS":[114,138,195,259],"modules.":[115],"Our":[116,155],"analysis":[117],"includes":[118],"mutual":[120],"interference":[121,176],"between":[122],"modules":[124],"fact":[127],"that,":[128],"due":[129],"delay":[132],"difference":[133],"propagation":[135],"through":[136],"structure,":[139],"resulting":[141],"channel":[142],"matrix":[143],"selective":[146],"even":[147],"presence":[150],"pure":[152],"LOS":[153],"propagation.":[154],"results":[156,271],"show":[157,250],"that:":[158],"1)":[159],"simple":[160],"RF":[161,243],"without":[163],"computationally":[164],"expensive":[165],"baseband":[166],"digital":[167],"precoding":[169],"practically":[173],"eliminate":[174],"when":[177],"users":[179],"are":[180],"chosen":[181],"angular/range":[184],"separation,":[185],"thanks":[186],"extremely":[189],"sidelobes":[191],"proposed":[194,226,258],"module;":[196],"2)":[197],"impact":[199],"pointing":[202],"errors":[203],"standard":[205,273],"deviation":[206],"as":[207,209],"large":[208],"2.5":[210],"deg":[211],"RIS":[213,265],"quantized":[214],"phase-shifters":[215],"quantization":[217],"bits":[218],"\u2265":[219],"2":[220],"essentially":[222],"negligible;":[223],"3)":[224],"more":[229],"power":[230],"efficient":[231],"simpler":[234],"from":[235],"hardware":[237],"implementation":[238],"viewpoint":[239],"than":[240],"conventionalactive":[241],"arraysfor":[242],"beamforming.":[244],"As":[245],"side":[247],"result,":[248],"we":[249],"also":[251],"that":[252],"array":[254],"grows":[261],"linearly":[262],"aperture,":[266],"line":[268],"classical":[270],"reflector":[274],"antennas.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}