{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411725102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3581566","title":"Optical IRS-Aided Simultaneous Lightwave Information and Power Transfer for NOMA-Based VLC Systems: An Energy Consumption Perspective","display_name":"Optical IRS-Aided Simultaneous Lightwave Information and Power Transfer for NOMA-Based VLC Systems: An Energy Consumption Perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411725102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3581566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3581566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3581566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101945354","display_name":"Zehao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5614-1082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5614-1082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063200773","display_name":"Fang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-5086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925357","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0347-8110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0347-8110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403297","display_name":"Jian Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-9510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-9510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64299598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"119","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.6281172037124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6239120960235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5740382671356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5288903117179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.5262940526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.525780439376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.5226042866706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4495302140712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.41464605927467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.39965832233428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21937474608421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1843184530735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1499617099761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11110717058181763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.10064578056335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09260553121566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.08397307991981506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.6281172037124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6239120960235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5740382671356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5288903117179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.5262940526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.525780439376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.5226042866706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4495302140712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.41464605927467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39965832233428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21937474608421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1843184530735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1499617099761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11110717058181763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.10064578056335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09260553121566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.08397307991981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3581566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3581566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2350026059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFE0110600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4947322151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFA0716602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1907092231","https://openalex.org/W2005598207","https://openalex.org/W2151764418","https://openalex.org/W2153227920","https://openalex.org/W2263466419","https://openalex.org/W2556347567","https://openalex.org/W2578610239","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2792445486","https://openalex.org/W2802495557","https://openalex.org/W2889825798","https://openalex.org/W2900187546","https://openalex.org/W2942447024","https://openalex.org/W2963336322","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2999472659","https://openalex.org/W3004116256","https://openalex.org/W3010372757","https://openalex.org/W3042689071","https://openalex.org/W3128093517","https://openalex.org/W3131406411","https://openalex.org/W3135711327","https://openalex.org/W3157968300","https://openalex.org/W3167683018","https://openalex.org/W3196510270","https://openalex.org/W3215679321","https://openalex.org/W4206219935","https://openalex.org/W4206742934","https://openalex.org/W4210439023","https://openalex.org/W4212810984","https://openalex.org/W4298145845","https://openalex.org/W4312233343","https://openalex.org/W4312854629","https://openalex.org/W4321021127","https://openalex.org/W4386321979","https://openalex.org/W4390285286","https://openalex.org/W4391759920","https://openalex.org/W4393379800","https://openalex.org/W4396515309","https://openalex.org/W4399526788","https://openalex.org/W4400351596","https://openalex.org/W4401509706","https://openalex.org/W4406610985","https://openalex.org/W4414538975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W4404253608","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W3005957545","https://openalex.org/W2076432172","https://openalex.org/W4309235375","https://openalex.org/W2887349183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growth":[1],"of":[2,65,83,197,204,221,229],"indoor":[3],"terminals":[4],"has":[5,54],"put":[6],"higher":[7],"demands":[8,40],"on":[9,212],"wireless":[10,32],"communications,":[11,19],"which":[12,61,106,170],"not":[13],"only":[14],"need":[15],"to":[16,24,42,68,94,134,223],"support":[17,95],"high-rate":[18],"but":[20],"are":[21,171],"also":[22],"required":[23],"provide":[25],"power":[26,103,163,226],"for":[27,110,120,126],"energy-limited":[28],"terminals.":[29],"However,":[30],"conventional":[31],"communication":[33,52],"systems":[34,123],"face":[35],"challenges":[36],"in":[37,75],"meeting":[38],"these":[39],"due":[41],"the":[43,71,81,130,136,156,175,193,198,202,213,219,225],"spectrum":[44],"congestion":[45],"and":[46,89,102,128,165,186,195,208],"electromagnetic":[47],"interference.":[48],"Recently,":[49],"visible":[50],"light":[51],"(VLC)":[53],"been":[55],"emerged":[56],"as":[57],"a":[58],"promising":[59],"technology,":[60],"can":[62],"take":[63],"advantage":[64],"its":[66],"ability":[67],"operate":[69],"within":[70],"unlicensed":[72],"spectra.":[73],"Therefore,":[74],"this":[76,146],"paper,":[77],"VLC":[78,112,122],"benefits":[79],"from":[80],"facilitation":[82],"optical":[84,231],"intelligent":[85],"reflecting":[86],"surface":[87],"(OIRS)":[88],"non-orthogonal":[90],"multiple":[91],"access":[92],"(NOMA)":[93],"energy-constrained":[96],"devices":[97],"through":[98,180],"simultaneous":[99],"lightwave":[100],"information":[101],"transfer":[104,227],"(SLIPT),":[105],"is":[107,118,132],"well":[108],"suited":[109],"future":[111,230],"systems.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"an":[115],"optimization":[116],"framework":[117],"proposed":[119,199],"NOMA-based":[121],"with":[124,140],"OIRS":[125,157,205,222],"SLIPT,":[127],"then":[129],"problem":[131],"formulated":[133],"minimize":[135],"total":[137],"energy":[138],"consumption":[139],"several":[141],"key":[142,210],"constraints.":[143],"To":[144],"solve":[145],"non-convex":[147],"problem,":[148],"we":[149],"decompose":[150],"it":[151],"into":[152],"four":[153],"sub-problems,":[154],"including":[155],"configuration,":[158],"NOMA":[159],"coefficient":[160],"assignment,":[161],"transmit":[162],"allocation,":[164],"direct":[166],"current":[167],"bias":[168],"arrangement,":[169],"solved":[172],"iteratively":[173],"by":[174],"block":[176],"coordinate":[177],"descent":[178],"algorithm":[179],"relaxed":[181],"iterative":[182],"optimization,":[183],"minorization-maximization":[184],"algorithm,":[185,200],"successive":[187],"convex":[188],"approximation.":[189],"Simulation":[190],"results":[191],"validate":[192],"convergence":[194],"effectiveness":[196],"demonstrating":[201],"influence":[203],"unit":[206],"number":[207],"other":[209],"factors":[211],"system":[214],"performance.":[215],"These":[216],"findings":[217],"highlight":[218],"potential":[220],"enhance":[224],"capabilities":[228],"communications.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-10T23:39:48.068659","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}