{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411142905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3575587","title":"Probabilistic Shaping-Based ISAC Systems With Finite Constellations: Analysis and Optimization","display_name":"Probabilistic Shaping-Based ISAC Systems With Finite Constellations: Analysis and Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411142905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3575587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3575587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3575587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104652204","display_name":"Yichen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-443X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Institute of Wireless Communications Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Institute of Wireless Communications Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049255609","display_name":"Yinghong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Institute of Wireless Communications Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-8612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Institute of Wireless Communications Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086329907","display_name":"Yixiao Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-8130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixiao Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-8130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020610689","display_name":"Manlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-4567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Institute of Wireless Communications Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-4567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Institute of Wireless Communications Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002004426","display_name":"Junhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-9581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Post and Telecommunication College, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Post and Telecommunication College, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085292302","display_name":"Bin Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-5765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153300","display_name":"Shanghai Research Center for Wireless Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfd0826","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Institute of Wireless Communications Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-5765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Institute of Wireless Communications Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153300","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104652204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I4210153300"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2903,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94151783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"9868","last_page":"9881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.37549999356269836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.37549999356269836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.37389999628067017,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6926232576370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.660457968711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.605133593082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.44638559222221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4165365695953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33065417408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28762537240982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21847960352897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17404723167419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08545637130737305}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6926232576370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.660457968711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.605133593082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.44638559222221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4165365695953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33065417408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28762537240982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21847960352897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17404723167419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08545637130737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3575587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3575587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2567989874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ8023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5537741512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503430806","https://openalex.org/W1608019187","https://openalex.org/W1749807555","https://openalex.org/W2029236670","https://openalex.org/W2053340154","https://openalex.org/W2109191808","https://openalex.org/W2112544308","https://openalex.org/W2115001548","https://openalex.org/W2164714023","https://openalex.org/W2206128797","https://openalex.org/W2413566101","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2616472444","https://openalex.org/W2655333685","https://openalex.org/W2706629214","https://openalex.org/W2885207443","https://openalex.org/W2885589241","https://openalex.org/W2888912347","https://openalex.org/W2967756164","https://openalex.org/W3004982678","https://openalex.org/W3213070675","https://openalex.org/W4220957863","https://openalex.org/W4238085304","https://openalex.org/W4251708888","https://openalex.org/W4293812059","https://openalex.org/W4324134946","https://openalex.org/W4376480821","https://openalex.org/W4379983385","https://openalex.org/W4380520348","https://openalex.org/W4385222745","https://openalex.org/W4385819679","https://openalex.org/W4386113313","https://openalex.org/W4386699347","https://openalex.org/W4386703483","https://openalex.org/W4391454495","https://openalex.org/W4396986789","https://openalex.org/W4399951424","https://openalex.org/W4402155993","https://openalex.org/W4402742423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497573972","https://openalex.org/W2071659383","https://openalex.org/W1846253165","https://openalex.org/W4285140130","https://openalex.org/W3104770499","https://openalex.org/W4285677055","https://openalex.org/W1992731528","https://openalex.org/W2007843488","https://openalex.org/W1994436307","https://openalex.org/W1987021796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"sensing":[1,100,111,199],"and":[2,78,99,112,116,154,188,204,247],"communication":[3,96,113,225],"(ISAC)":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"recognized":[7],"as":[8,142],"a":[9,70,143,217],"key":[10],"technology":[11],"of":[12,54,168,185,207,236,251],"the":[13,21,30,52,57,62,67,80,91,95,110,118,131,134,150,155,161,166,169,179,183,186,198,205,234,243,249,252],"next-generation":[14],"wireless":[15],"networks.":[16,127],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"focuses":[19],"on":[20,90],"ISAC":[22,31,46,81,126],"system":[23],"with":[24,29,33,48,83,233,258],"discrete":[25,123,151],"signal":[26],"inputs.":[27],"Compared":[28],"systems":[32,82],"continuous":[34],"inputs":[35],"in":[36,86,125,216,256],"most":[37],"prior":[38],"works,":[39],"it":[40],"can":[41],"provide":[42],"useful":[43],"insights":[44],"for":[45,56,130,159],"networks":[47],"digital":[49],"modulation":[50],"at":[51],"expense":[53],"compensating":[55],"performance":[58,115,119,132],"gap":[59,120],"caused":[60,121],"by":[61,122,147],"finite":[63,84],"constellations.":[64],"To":[65,128],"tackle":[66],"above":[68,170],"problem,":[69,171],"unified":[71],"analytical":[72,92],"framework":[73],"is":[74,140,175,195,222,231],"proposed":[75,176,238,253],"to":[76,108,177],"analyze":[77],"optimize":[79],"constellations":[85,105,209],"this":[87],"paper.":[88],"Based":[89],"framework,":[93],"both":[94],"ergodic":[97],"rate":[98,102],"estimation":[101],"considering":[103],"non-uniform":[104],"are":[106,192,210,214],"derived":[107],"characterize":[109,242],"(S&C)":[114],"quantify":[117],"signals":[124],"compensate":[129],"gap,":[133],"probabilistic":[135],"shaping":[136],"(PS)-based":[137],"waveform":[138,191],"design":[139],"formulated":[141],"multi-objective":[144],"optimization":[145],"problem":[146],"jointly":[148],"optimizing":[149],"symbol":[152],"distribution":[153],"power":[156],"scaling":[157],"factor":[158],"achieving":[160],"Pareto-optimal":[162],"S&C":[163,246],"performance.":[164],"Given":[165],"non-convexity":[167],"an":[172],"alternating":[173],"algorithm":[174],"obtain":[178],"PS-based":[180,190],"waveform.":[181],"Moreover,":[182],"properties":[184],"sensing-optimal":[187],"communication-optimal":[189],"analyzed.":[193],"It":[194,221],"proved":[196],"that":[197,224],"function":[200],"prefers":[201],"amplitude-deterministic":[202],"signals,":[203],"probabilities":[206],"outermost":[208],"equal":[211],"if":[212],"they":[213],"distributed":[215],"circularly":[218],"symmetric":[219],"manner.":[220],"indicated":[223],"functionality":[226],"requires":[227],"quasi-Gaussian":[228],"distribution,":[229],"which":[230],"consistent":[232],"results":[235,241],"our":[237],"algorithm.":[239],"Numerical":[240],"tradeoff":[244],"between":[245],"validate":[248],"superiority":[250],"PS":[254],"scheme":[255],"comparison":[257],"other":[259],"input":[260],"distributions.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}