{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410737368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3571287","title":"Secrecy Outage Probability Fairness in Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Uplink Channels\u2014Alternating Optimization Versus Deep Learning","display_name":"Secrecy Outage Probability Fairness in Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Uplink Channels\u2014Alternating Optimization Versus Deep Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410737368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3571287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3571287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3571287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023858246","display_name":"Yiliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-6347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028099099","display_name":"Xiangrui Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrui Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066407180","display_name":"Zhou Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-3130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-3130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102864216","display_name":"Haixia Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-4706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-4706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040978564","display_name":"Tom H. Luan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-7443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom H. Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-7443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084739355","display_name":"Hsiao\u2010Hwa Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-0729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Hwa Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-0729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74852306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"9127","last_page":"9141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.728748083114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6935288906097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6801661849021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4167686104774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3359692692756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2774309515953064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.728748083114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6935288906097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6801661849021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4167686104774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3359692692756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2774309515953064}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3571287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3571287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2143171115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2221-E-006-144","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2305141385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5138271045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G606221586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G739651970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2221-E-006-143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515073954","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2100556411","https://openalex.org/W2167732364","https://openalex.org/W2509004749","https://openalex.org/W2611515111","https://openalex.org/W2898104747","https://openalex.org/W2900862410","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2950680381","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2975790550","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3001613668","https://openalex.org/W3006762012","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3082330636","https://openalex.org/W3109685033","https://openalex.org/W3135614874","https://openalex.org/W3168223770","https://openalex.org/W3169262754","https://openalex.org/W3171468598","https://openalex.org/W3173487505","https://openalex.org/W3191988080","https://openalex.org/W3201321698","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W4205293427","https://openalex.org/W4214892195","https://openalex.org/W4225371228","https://openalex.org/W4225818210","https://openalex.org/W4226077363","https://openalex.org/W4293229790","https://openalex.org/W4312311124","https://openalex.org/W4312418390","https://openalex.org/W4313054628","https://openalex.org/W4316660853","https://openalex.org/W4317418820","https://openalex.org/W4321021443","https://openalex.org/W4321607979","https://openalex.org/W4385834038","https://openalex.org/W4392175468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2493929861","https://openalex.org/W2016567611","https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2475541339","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W565335793","https://openalex.org/W2363071176"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,92,105,134,174,196,205,209,214],"fairness":[4],"issues":[5],"on":[6,133,139],"physical":[7],"layer":[8],"security":[9,53],"(PLS)":[10],"in":[11,61],"intelligent":[12],"reflecting":[13],"surface":[14],"(IRS)":[15],"assisted":[16],"multiple-user":[17],"uplink":[18],"systems.":[19],"Due":[20],"to":[21,33,110,173,184,200],"unknown":[22],"instantaneous":[23],"eavesdropper":[24],"channel":[25],"state":[26],"information":[27],"(CSI),":[28],"it":[29],"is":[30,87,94,146,192],"not":[31],"possible":[32],"acquire":[34],"exact":[35],"secrecy":[36,47,57],"rate":[37,58],"of":[38,56,70,151,216],"a":[39,52,67,95,122,127,160,170,179,217],"PLS":[40],"system.":[41],"In":[42,203],"this":[43,79,186],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,81,177],"introduce":[46],"outage":[48],"probability":[49],"(SOP)":[50],"as":[51,59],"metric,":[54],"instead":[55],"used":[60,147],"most":[62],"existing":[63],"works,":[64],"and":[65,91,116,155],"formulate":[66],"minimization":[68],"problem":[69,106],"maximum":[71],"(min-max)":[72],"SOP":[73,191],"among":[74],"multiple":[75],"users.":[76],"To":[77],"solve":[78,185],"problem,":[80,176],"propose":[82],"two":[83,108],"independent":[84],"approaches:":[85],"one":[86],"alternating":[88],"optimization":[89],"(AO)":[90],"other":[93,135],"deep":[96],"learning":[97],"based":[98,138],"(DL)":[99],"scheme.":[100],"The":[101,130],"AO":[102,206],"scheme":[103,207],"decouples":[104],"into":[107],"sub-problems":[109],"alternately":[111],"optimize":[112],"phase":[113,152],"shift":[114,153],"matrix":[115,154],"receiver":[117,156],"beamforming":[118,157],"vectors,":[119],"which":[120,145],"gives":[121],"near-optimal":[123],"performance":[124],"but":[125],"with":[126,159,195],"high":[128,219],"complexity.":[129,162,221],"DL":[131],"scheme,":[132],"hand,":[136],"works":[137],"neural":[140,166],"networks":[141,167],"through":[142],"offline":[143],"training,":[144],"for":[148],"online":[149],"generation":[150],"vectors":[158],"lower":[161],"As":[163],"traditional":[164],"self-supervised":[165],"cannot":[168],"achieve":[169],"good":[171],"solution":[172],"max-min":[175],"design":[178],"multiple-stage":[180],"booster":[181],"(MSB)":[182],"framework":[183],"problem.":[187],"Simulations":[188],"demonstrated":[189],"that":[190],"improved":[193],"significantly":[194],"proposed":[197],"schemes":[198],"compared":[199],"benchmark":[201],"schemes.":[202],"particular,":[204],"outperforms":[208],"DL-based":[210],"approach":[211],"slightly":[212],"at":[213],"cost":[215],"relatively":[218],"computational":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-14T23:14:49.485078","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
