{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410358728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3567799","title":"Deep Learning-Empowered Secure Predictive Beamforming Design for Integrated Sensing and Communications Systems","display_name":"Deep Learning-Empowered Secure Predictive Beamforming Design for Integrated Sensing and Communications Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410358728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3567799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3567799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3567799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/ws/files/108599476/AAM.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064840659","display_name":"Junkai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-0953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junkai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-0953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072625195","display_name":"Zhen Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-6198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065790904","display_name":"Faheem A. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-8776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faheem A. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-8776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022106709","display_name":"Guanzhang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanzhang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-1551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074077175","display_name":"Zhiqiang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-5590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-5590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034111999","display_name":"Jiang Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-0256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-0256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109280540","display_name":"Zongben Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-2338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongben Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-2338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006080984","display_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064840659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98560761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"10","first_page":"8565","last_page":"8580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9638000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7966020107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6972712278366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4788641631603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4251788854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3418560028076172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7966020107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6972712278366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4788641631603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4251788854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3418560028076172}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3567799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3567799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/311f9fe1-775a-4296-8171-80501bcb1c84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/311f9fe1-775a-4296-8171-80501bcb1c84","pdf_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/ws/files/108599476/AAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, J, Qiao, Z, Khan, F A, Liu, G, Wei, Z, Xue, J, Xu, Z & Ng, D W K 2025, 'Deep Learning-Empowered Secure Predictive Beamforming Design for Integrated Sensing and Communications Systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 24, no. 10, 11004476, pp. 8565-8580. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3567799","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/311f9fe1-775a-4296-8171-80501bcb1c84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/311f9fe1-775a-4296-8171-80501bcb1c84","pdf_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/ws/files/108599476/AAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, J, Qiao, Z, Khan, F A, Liu, G, Wei, Z, Xue, J, Xu, Z & Ng, D W K 2025, 'Deep Learning-Empowered Secure Predictive Beamforming Design for Integrated Sensing and Communications Systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 24, no. 10, 11004476, pp. 8565-8580. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3567799","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1979008294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xzy012025075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4726732360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFA1008600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410358728.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2133108373","https://openalex.org/W2153493391","https://openalex.org/W2765955268","https://openalex.org/W2969788250","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3072033075","https://openalex.org/W3097164986","https://openalex.org/W3133945977","https://openalex.org/W3152301406","https://openalex.org/W3186952469","https://openalex.org/W3193816080","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4250897953","https://openalex.org/W4289822136","https://openalex.org/W4290996305","https://openalex.org/W4298127563","https://openalex.org/W4308169431","https://openalex.org/W4317437797","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385732470","https://openalex.org/W4386090274","https://openalex.org/W4387869533","https://openalex.org/W4387870614","https://openalex.org/W4387870889","https://openalex.org/W4392397343","https://openalex.org/W4393253157","https://openalex.org/W4399110633","https://openalex.org/W4399206021","https://openalex.org/W4400877903","https://openalex.org/W4402260504","https://openalex.org/W4407129079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W4391913857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,32,123],"the":[1,9,71,75,89,108,135,138,148,154,165,170,187,198,201],"era":[2],"of":[3,30,74,157,200],"upcoming":[4],"sixth-generation":[5],"(6G)":[6],"wireless":[7],"systems,":[8],"intelligent":[10],"integrated":[11],"sensing":[12],"and":[13,57,121,147,177],"communication":[14,40,178],"(ISAC)":[15],"paradigm":[16],"has":[17],"emerged":[18],"as":[19],"a":[20,27,83,127],"pivotal":[21],"research":[22],"domain,":[23],"catalyzing":[24],"advancement":[25],"across":[26],"wide":[28],"range":[29],"applications.":[31],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35],"investigate":[36],"an":[37,43,103],"ISAC-assisted":[38],"anti-eavesdropping":[39],"system,":[41],"where":[42],"ISAC":[44],"ground":[45,67,145],"base":[46],"station":[47],"exploits":[48],"its":[49],"radar":[50,176],"function":[51],"to":[52,61,81],"track":[53],"potential":[54,158],"aerial":[55,159],"eavesdroppers":[56],"implements":[58],"predictive":[59,93,172],"beamforming":[60,173],"ensure":[62],"secure":[63],"communications":[64],"with":[65],"multiple":[66],"users.":[68],"We":[69],"harness":[70],"powerful":[72],"capability":[73],"Transformer":[76],"for":[77,91,110,144,153,174],"time":[78],"series":[79],"prediction":[80],"establish":[82],"novel":[84],"deep":[85],"neural":[86],"network,":[87],"termed":[88],"ISACformer,":[90],"constructing":[92],"beamformers":[94],"via":[95],"exploiting":[96],"previously":[97],"estimated":[98],"channel":[99,112],"state":[100],"information":[101],"in":[102],"unsupervised":[104],"manner.":[105],"By":[106],"eliminating":[107],"need":[109],"explicit":[111],"prediction,":[113],"our":[114,131,182],"proposed":[115,166,202],"framework":[116],"effectively":[117],"reduces":[118],"signaling":[119],"overhead":[120],"complexity.":[122],"addition,":[124],"by":[125,192],"formulating":[126],"weighted":[128],"objective":[129],"function,":[130],"design":[132],"meticulously":[133],"balances":[134],"trade-off":[136],"between":[137],"ergodic":[139,149],"achievable":[140],"worst-case":[141],"secrecy":[142],"rate":[143],"users":[146],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[150],"lower":[151],"bound":[152,190],"kinematic":[155],"parameters":[156],"eavesdroppers.":[160],"Simulation":[161],"results":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"that":[164],"ISACformer":[167],"can":[168],"deliver":[169],"desired":[171],"harmonizing":[175],"functionalities":[179],"effectively.":[180],"Moreover,":[181],"method":[183],"achieves":[184],"performance":[185],"approaching":[186],"theoretical":[188],"upper":[189],"obtained":[191],"ignoring":[193],"multi-user":[194],"interference,":[195],"thereby":[196],"highlighting":[197],"robustness":[199],"approach.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
