{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410086585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3564672","title":"Beam Focusing for Near-Field Integrated Sensing and Communications With Hybrid Analog/Digital Architecture","display_name":"Beam Focusing for Near-Field Integrated Sensing and Communications With Hybrid Analog/Digital Architecture","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410086585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3564672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3564672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3564672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003809208","display_name":"Jie Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-6125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-6125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079422735","display_name":"Jiancun Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-4324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancun Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-4324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076863392","display_name":"Yuanwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8098243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"10","first_page":"8162","last_page":"8177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6329317688941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5698140859603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4971044361591339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.48191598057746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.45768988132476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4472983181476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3677213788032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3214775025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20633235573768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1620427966117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.140641987323761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6329317688941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5698140859603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4971044361591339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.48191598057746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.45768988132476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4472983181476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3677213788032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3214775025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20633235573768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1620427966117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.140641987323761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3564672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3564672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6911396368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IFN202401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7198726828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 62471381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8985709591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969645104","https://openalex.org/W1972150576","https://openalex.org/W1975273809","https://openalex.org/W2009166050","https://openalex.org/W2031858701","https://openalex.org/W2123331874","https://openalex.org/W2136054112","https://openalex.org/W2171576754","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2337330101","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2622044750","https://openalex.org/W2784711283","https://openalex.org/W2907134370","https://openalex.org/W2963494103","https://openalex.org/W2981418546","https://openalex.org/W3038047043","https://openalex.org/W3103448395","https://openalex.org/W3115798536","https://openalex.org/W3119152637","https://openalex.org/W3130559101","https://openalex.org/W3134408583","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3188579248","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3208187232","https://openalex.org/W3209801506","https://openalex.org/W3211270128","https://openalex.org/W3213070675","https://openalex.org/W4206266781","https://openalex.org/W4221151058","https://openalex.org/W4225013399","https://openalex.org/W4226039372","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4226403506","https://openalex.org/W4285200814","https://openalex.org/W4290996436","https://openalex.org/W4292231170","https://openalex.org/W4293370520","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4324125657","https://openalex.org/W4364322798","https://openalex.org/W4378194759","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4387303220","https://openalex.org/W4390577869","https://openalex.org/W4391942382","https://openalex.org/W4393028647","https://openalex.org/W4394744448","https://openalex.org/W4396680560","https://openalex.org/W4396913514","https://openalex.org/W4400188570","https://openalex.org/W4401328479","https://openalex.org/W4402978078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588198209","https://openalex.org/W1909006023","https://openalex.org/W4205824991","https://openalex.org/W3200723557","https://openalex.org/W4312713546","https://openalex.org/W2362195430","https://openalex.org/W2347494122","https://openalex.org/W2567983276","https://openalex.org/W2802298219","https://openalex.org/W2038503502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,29,64,113],"redesign":[4],"the":[5,31,56,61,68,83,86,90,95,106,121,125,151,162,165,169,172,182],"hybrid":[6,140],"analog/digital":[7],"precoding":[8,141],"scheme":[9],"to":[10,66,81,89,104,119,149,178],"form":[11],"focused":[12],"beams":[13],"at":[14],"specific":[15],"spatial":[16],"locations":[17],"for":[18,38],"near-field":[19,32],"<italic":[20,33,131],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[21,34,132],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">integrated":[22],"sensing":[23,43,62,74],"and":[24,41,97,156,168],"communications</i>":[25],"(ISAC)":[26],"systems.":[27],"Specifically,":[28],"derive":[30],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[35],"bound</i>":[36],"(CRB)":[37],"joint":[39],"distance":[40],"angle":[42],"with":[44,108],"arbitrary":[45],"signal":[46],"coherence":[47],"matrices.":[48],"Unlike":[49],"previous":[50],"optimization":[51,77,146],"strategies":[52],"that":[53],"either":[54],"maximize":[55,60,67,82],"communication":[57,70],"rate":[58,71,88],"or":[59],"performance,":[63],"aim":[65],"achievable":[69],"under":[72],"unit":[73],"error.":[75],"The":[76],"problem":[78,107],"is":[79,102,128,147,176],"modeled":[80],"ratio":[84],"of":[85,164,171],"sum":[87],"CRB":[91],"by":[92,130],"jointly":[93],"optimizing":[94],"analog":[96,155],"digital":[98,157],"precoders.":[99,158],"Since":[100],"it":[101],"difficult":[103],"solve":[105],"complicated":[109],"non-convex":[110],"fractional":[111,122],"program,":[112],"first":[114],"perform":[115],"an":[116],"equivalent":[117],"reformulation":[118],"remove":[120],"constraint.":[123],"Then,":[124],"fully-digital":[126],"precoder":[127,153],"obtained":[129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">successive":[133],"convex":[134],"approximation</i>":[135],"(SCA).":[136],"Finally,":[137],"a":[138],"low-complexity":[139],"algorithm":[142,167],"based":[143],"on":[144],"alternate":[145],"proposed":[148,166,173],"divide":[150],"fullydigital":[152],"into":[154],"Simulation":[159],"results":[160],"show":[161],"effectiveness":[163],"performance":[170],"beam":[174,179],"focusing":[175],"superior":[177],"steering":[180],"in":[181],"near-field.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
