{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409917241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3562900","title":"Energy Efficiency Optimization for IoT Systems With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A Self-Supervised Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Energy Efficiency Optimization for IoT Systems With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A Self-Supervised Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409917241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3562900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3562900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3562900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090021213","display_name":"Haoran Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-2560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-2560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102735789","display_name":"Yen\u2010Ting Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Ting Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104103005","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Yuan Ho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Yuan Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661626","display_name":"Li\u2010Chun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Chun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-6217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2877,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48275899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"7761","last_page":"7776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8641853928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7581388354301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5696602463722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5673151612281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4643474221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46282821893692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44117966294288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.4396759271621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.41240420937538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.395177960395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3357708156108856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.22910037636756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16461101174354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11377358436584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10537177324295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10257521271705627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8641853928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7581388354301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5696602463722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5673151612281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4643474221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46282821893692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44117966294288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.4396759271621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.41240420937538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.395177960395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3357708156108856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.22910037636756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16461101174354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11377358436584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10537177324295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10257521271705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3562900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3562900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1056167192","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2218-E-A49-027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2071016343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"111-2221-E-A49-071-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2364686695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2634-F-A49-007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2808572546","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u5b6a\u751f\u7684\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u96c6\u7fa4\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u534f\u540c\u7ec4\u7f51\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"LQN25F010016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4469282379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113- 2634-F-A49-007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4493257420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 111-2221-E-A49-071-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718691791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2221-E-A49-110-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4877779450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113-2218-E-A49-027 -","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G81807870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"110-2221-E-A49-110-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8843148941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LQN25F010016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062978452","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2201581102","https://openalex.org/W2340975978","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2784709112","https://openalex.org/W2788862220","https://openalex.org/W2808520738","https://openalex.org/W2898267236","https://openalex.org/W2963544079","https://openalex.org/W2968764495","https://openalex.org/W2982409974","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3010887230","https://openalex.org/W3038534820","https://openalex.org/W3045780692","https://openalex.org/W3088898206","https://openalex.org/W3099980742","https://openalex.org/W3109292673","https://openalex.org/W3112248143","https://openalex.org/W3114508073","https://openalex.org/W3124737311","https://openalex.org/W3167689670","https://openalex.org/W3169363132","https://openalex.org/W3184294468","https://openalex.org/W3194637848","https://openalex.org/W3200128456","https://openalex.org/W3208313739","https://openalex.org/W3211531747","https://openalex.org/W4220908458","https://openalex.org/W4226471663","https://openalex.org/W4280589373","https://openalex.org/W4280631165","https://openalex.org/W4283813341","https://openalex.org/W4285130865","https://openalex.org/W4294068592","https://openalex.org/W4312284141","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4313591527","https://openalex.org/W4315630055","https://openalex.org/W4317419398","https://openalex.org/W4321608126","https://openalex.org/W4379382671","https://openalex.org/W4391248691","https://openalex.org/W4396878072"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2328553770","https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2145821588","https://openalex.org/W2086122291","https://openalex.org/W1987513656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,47],"present":[4],"an":[5],"optimal":[6,32],"uplink":[7],"transmission":[8,33],"strategy":[9],"to":[10,68,92],"maximize":[11],"the":[12,31,36,40,45,61],"energy":[13,65],"efficiency":[14,66],"for":[15],"Internet":[16],"of":[17,35,44],"Things":[18],"(IoT)":[19],"assisted":[20],"by":[21,89],"reconfigurable":[22],"intelligent":[23],"surface":[24],"(RIS).":[25],"To":[26],"quickly":[27],"and":[28,39],"accurately":[29],"obtain":[30],"power":[34],"IoT":[37],"devices":[38],"phase":[41],"shift":[42],"vector":[43],"RIS,":[46],"develop":[48],"a":[49],"self-supervised":[50],"double":[51],"deep":[52],"Q":[53],"network":[54],"(SSDDQN)":[55],"learning":[56],"algorithm.":[57],"We":[58],"demonstrate":[59],"that":[60,83],"SSDDQN-based":[62],"method":[63],"achieves":[64],"comparable":[67],"global-optimal":[69],"mathematical":[70],"methods":[71],"while":[72],"significantly":[73],"reducing":[74],"execution":[75],"time":[76,87],"during":[77],"inference.":[78],"Additionally,":[79],"numerical":[80],"results":[81],"show":[82],"SSDDQN":[84],"reduces":[85],"training":[86],"costs":[88],"33.3%":[90],"compared":[91],"traditional":[93],"DDQN.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}