{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409356916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3557935","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Localization in OFDM Systems With Carrier Frequency Offset and Phase Noise","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Localization in OFDM Systems With Carrier Frequency Offset and Phase Noise","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409356916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3557935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3557935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3557935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116479859","display_name":"Hanfu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3081-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanfu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034541026","display_name":"Erwu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-6208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erwu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431222","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-0972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering and Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering and Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101544825","display_name":"Wei Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048808768","display_name":"Zhe Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-9849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069227720","display_name":"Liu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-2161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086268677","display_name":"Abbas Jamalipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-7220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Jamalipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116479859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70375574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"7078","last_page":"7094"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7995700836181641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.738694429397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6622169017791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.5760406255722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5265588760375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5233068466186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.5006895065307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4207283556461334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38753393292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3688669204711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1673637330532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13588720560073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12324821949005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07459938526153564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7995700836181641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.738694429397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6622169017791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.5760406255722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5265588760375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5233068466186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.5006895065307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4207283556461334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38753393292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3688669204711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1673637330532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13588720560073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12324821949005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07459938526153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3557935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3557935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1500301389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2884988689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536252645","https://openalex.org/W1980560153","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2006682223","https://openalex.org/W2133575969","https://openalex.org/W2135895052","https://openalex.org/W2153184506","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2324298973","https://openalex.org/W2573739355","https://openalex.org/W2593683299","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2969519626","https://openalex.org/W3017729161","https://openalex.org/W3044193877","https://openalex.org/W3081661410","https://openalex.org/W3189447947","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3197614439","https://openalex.org/W3198279229","https://openalex.org/W3207004091","https://openalex.org/W3212238659","https://openalex.org/W3214875997","https://openalex.org/W4200634239","https://openalex.org/W4206696670","https://openalex.org/W4225098458","https://openalex.org/W4226127627","https://openalex.org/W4249727796","https://openalex.org/W4285119871","https://openalex.org/W4285123404","https://openalex.org/W4285220679","https://openalex.org/W4295935103","https://openalex.org/W4312559884","https://openalex.org/W4312614302","https://openalex.org/W4315926966","https://openalex.org/W4316021945","https://openalex.org/W4323767066","https://openalex.org/W4361803525","https://openalex.org/W4377086325","https://openalex.org/W4384915760","https://openalex.org/W4387123734","https://openalex.org/W4387587600","https://openalex.org/W4391019655","https://openalex.org/W4391164236","https://openalex.org/W4391468004","https://openalex.org/W4392979614","https://openalex.org/W4395680492","https://openalex.org/W4396596956","https://openalex.org/W4400228570","https://openalex.org/W4400770877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181352736","https://openalex.org/W2164367930","https://openalex.org/W4385774821","https://openalex.org/W2000044568","https://openalex.org/W1965281974","https://openalex.org/W24185419","https://openalex.org/W2183273440","https://openalex.org/W2539608886","https://openalex.org/W2135619533","https://openalex.org/W2040127666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<italic":[0,25,32,48,61,68],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1,26,33,49,62,69,189],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Reconfigurable":[2],"intelligent":[3],"surface</i>":[4],"(RIS)-assisted":[5],"communication":[6],"systems":[7],"have":[8,20],"been":[9],"extensively":[10],"studied":[11],"for":[12,83],"providing":[13],"high-precision":[14],"location":[15],"services.":[16],"However,":[17],"most":[18],"studies":[19],"overlooked":[21],"the":[22,57,78,84,94,98,101,117,149,152,156,169,175],"impact":[23],"of":[24,100,121,151,163,168,185],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">carrier":[27],"frequency":[28,71],"offset</i>":[29],"(CFO)":[30],"and":[31,60,86,96,131],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">phase":[34],"noise</i>":[35],"(PN)":[36],"resulting":[37],"from":[38],"hardware":[39],"impairments":[40],"on":[41],"localization.":[42,126],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"presents":[45],"a":[46,107,144,180],"novel,":[47],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">alternating":[50],"optimization</i>":[51],"(AO)-based":[52],"algorithm":[53,113,171],"to":[54,115,136,143,174],"jointly":[55],"estimate":[56],"CFO,":[58],"PN,":[59],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">user":[63],"equipment</i>":[64],"(UE)":[65],"position":[66],"in":[67],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">orthogonal":[70],"division":[72],"multiplexing</i>":[73],"(OFDM)":[74],"systems,":[75],"where,":[76],"provided":[77],"UE":[79],"position,":[80],"closed-form":[81],"expressions":[82],"CFO":[85],"PN":[87],"are":[88,134],"derived":[89],"per":[90],"iteration,":[91],"significantly":[92],"reducing":[93],"complexity":[95],"enhancing":[97],"stability":[99],"algorithm.":[102],"Another":[103],"important":[104],"aspect":[105],"is":[106,172],"new":[108],"RIS":[109],"phase":[110],"shift":[111],"optimization":[112,141],"developed":[114],"minimize":[116],"analytical":[118,176],"lower":[119,177,186],"bound":[120],"localization":[122,157,166],"accuracy,":[123],"hence":[124],"benefiting":[125],"The":[127,165],"semidefinite":[128,145],"relaxation":[129],"method":[130],"Schur":[132],"complement":[133],"utilized":[135],"convexify":[137],"this":[138],"challenging":[139],"non-convex":[140],"problem":[142],"program.":[146],"Simulations":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"proposed":[153,170],"algorithms,":[154],"with":[155,179],"accuracy":[158,167],"enhanced":[159],"by":[160],"two":[161],"orders":[162],"magnitude.":[164],"close":[173],"bound,":[178],"root":[181],"mean":[182],"square":[183],"error":[184],"than":[187],"10<sup":[188],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u22122</sup>":[190],"m.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}