{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409098778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3555114","title":"Performance Analysis for Hybrid Sub-6-GHz-mmWave-THz Networks With Downlink and Uplink Decoupled Cell Association","display_name":"Performance Analysis for Hybrid Sub-6-GHz-mmWave-THz Networks With Downlink and Uplink Decoupled Cell Association","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409098778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3555114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3555114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3555114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108046841","display_name":"Yunbai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-5255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunbai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-5255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000939963","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-8973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-8973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069850104","display_name":"Xiaoli Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-6149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-6149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73658868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"6658","last_page":"6673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.906784176826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6041811108589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5603567361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.47282537817955017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3454062342643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12798821926116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09773075580596924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.906784176826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6041811108589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5603567361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.47282537817955017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3454062342643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12798821926116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09773075580596924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3555114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3555114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2110076313","display_name":"IPOSEE: Intelligent and Proactive Optimisation for Service-centric Wireless Networks (UoS joint proposal lead partner)","funder_award_id":"EP/X038971/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6472134177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"778305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344766627","https://openalex.org/W1550567184","https://openalex.org/W1578217165","https://openalex.org/W1917463349","https://openalex.org/W1984714570","https://openalex.org/W2005108639","https://openalex.org/W2031858701","https://openalex.org/W2070432635","https://openalex.org/W2073252511","https://openalex.org/W2103179464","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2279550167","https://openalex.org/W2287503382","https://openalex.org/W2588137119","https://openalex.org/W2596951759","https://openalex.org/W2614764375","https://openalex.org/W2797684510","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W3011903444","https://openalex.org/W3034629262","https://openalex.org/W3035858775","https://openalex.org/W3068675400","https://openalex.org/W3095646503","https://openalex.org/W3127285652","https://openalex.org/W3190024274","https://openalex.org/W3212186380","https://openalex.org/W4205676769","https://openalex.org/W4226331814","https://openalex.org/W4285120681","https://openalex.org/W4289821653","https://openalex.org/W4318953861","https://openalex.org/W4322576964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W2275459886","https://openalex.org/W2963076731","https://openalex.org/W2249083530","https://openalex.org/W2604524836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"expected":[2],"that":[3],"5G/6G":[4],"networks":[5],"will":[6,20],"exploit":[7],"sub-6":[8,82],"GHz,":[9,83],"millimetre":[10],"wave":[11],"(mmWave)":[12],"and":[13,19,45,71,85,92,99,105,119,126,147,156],"terahertz":[14],"(THz)":[15],"frequency":[16],"bands":[17],"simultaneously":[18],"increase":[21],"flexibility":[22],"in":[23,48,152],"user":[24],"equipment":[25],"(UE)-cell":[26],"association.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31,114],"introduce":[32],"a":[33,49,58],"novel":[34],"stochastic":[35],"geometry-based":[36],"framework":[37,77],"for":[38,123],"the":[39,42,79,96,107,117,142,145],"analysis":[40],"of":[41,68,81,144,154],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio":[43],"(SINR)":[44],"rate":[46,120,157],"coverage":[47,121,158],"multi-tier":[50],"hybrid":[51],"sub-6GHz-mmWave-THz":[52],"network,":[53],"where":[54],"each":[55],"tier":[56],"has":[57],"particular":[59],"base":[60],"station":[61],"(BS)":[62],"density,":[63],"transmit":[64],"power,":[65],"bandwidth,":[66],"number":[67],"BS":[69,89],"antennas,":[70],"cell-association":[72,103,109,150],"bias":[73],"factor.":[74],"The":[75,129],"proposed":[76],"incorporates":[78],"effects":[80],"mmWave":[84],"THz":[86],"channel":[87],"characteristics,":[88],"beamforming":[90],"gain,":[91],"blockages.":[93],"We":[94],"investigate":[95],"downlink":[97],"(DL)":[98],"uplink":[100],"(UL)":[101],"decoupled":[102,149],"strategy":[104,151],"characterise":[106],"per-tier":[108],"probability.":[110],"Based":[111],"on":[112],"that,":[113],"analytically":[115],"derive":[116],"SINR":[118,155],"probabilities":[122],"both":[124],"DL":[125,146],"UL":[127,148],"transmissions.":[128],"analytical":[130],"results":[131,140],"are":[132],"validated":[133],"via":[134],"extensive":[135],"Monte":[136],"Carlo":[137],"simulations.":[138],"Numerical":[139],"demonstrate":[141],"superiority":[143],"terms":[153],"over":[159],"its":[160],"coupled":[161],"counterpart.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}