{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408590587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3549498","title":"A Physics-Informed Deep Ray Tracing Network for Regional Channel Impulse Response Estimation","display_name":"A Physics-Informed Deep Ray Tracing Network for Regional Channel Impulse Response Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408590587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3549498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3549498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3549498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045353730","display_name":"Shuchen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-2633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuchen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-2633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008469096","display_name":"Suixiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-5091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suixiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-5091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084332010","display_name":"Wenguo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-7334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenguo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-7334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609945","display_name":"Qiwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6508-3052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology, Space Star Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6508-3052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology, Space Star Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089089289","display_name":"Tian Hong Loh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-2659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131622","display_name":"ECSI Fibrotools (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/045zbxg02","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131622"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian-Hong Loh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Technologies Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-2659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Technologies Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131622","https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397725","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0608-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IoT Thrust and the Research Center for Digital World with Intelligent Things (DOIT), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0608-9408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IoT Thrust and the Research Center for Digital World with Intelligent Things (DOIT), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074507539","display_name":"Fei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-8968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-8968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84113409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"5811","last_page":"5824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5689849257469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5293769836425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.5075887441635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.47848886251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-response","display_name":"Impulse response","score":0.45133405923843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3706297278404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3600729703903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3455360531806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21659335494041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20967775583267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09271800518035889}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5689849257469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5293769836425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5075887441635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.47848886251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72279823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139726","display_name":"Impulse response","level":2,"score":0.45133405923843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3706297278404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3600729703903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3455360531806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21659335494041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20967775583267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09271800518035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3549498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3549498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2403571516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11991022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3726334319","display_name":"\u975e\u6b21\u6a21\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6700\u5927\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"12071459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4773815817","display_name":"\u673a\u7406\u5efa\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u65f6\u5206\u5e03\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490921409","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1982894294","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2031492372","https://openalex.org/W2046903201","https://openalex.org/W2101486556","https://openalex.org/W2102509933","https://openalex.org/W2134016524","https://openalex.org/W2135265416","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2143853421","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2900270078","https://openalex.org/W2920458626","https://openalex.org/W2963836746","https://openalex.org/W2979317621","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3049310985","https://openalex.org/W3088556583","https://openalex.org/W3134303861","https://openalex.org/W3135370099","https://openalex.org/W3148236571","https://openalex.org/W3151453295","https://openalex.org/W3155556592","https://openalex.org/W3184927622","https://openalex.org/W3203643649","https://openalex.org/W4200279085","https://openalex.org/W4206220393","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W4281570319","https://openalex.org/W4289689007","https://openalex.org/W4292230729","https://openalex.org/W4292553500","https://openalex.org/W4296167667","https://openalex.org/W4378842748","https://openalex.org/W4383197616","https://openalex.org/W4391936195","https://openalex.org/W4401694067","https://openalex.org/W4402557620","https://openalex.org/W6767258958","https://openalex.org/W6767739919","https://openalex.org/W6853450610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054109135","https://openalex.org/W2012819262","https://openalex.org/W2120224698","https://openalex.org/W4323358701","https://openalex.org/W2527954625","https://openalex.org/W2078859084","https://openalex.org/W4242687015","https://openalex.org/W2363469561","https://openalex.org/W2272518678","https://openalex.org/W2140267235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"modern":[1],"wireless":[2],"communication":[3],"systems,":[4,25],"a":[5,55,110,123,127,136,167,224],"profound":[6],"grasp":[7],"of":[8,22,68,86,147,217,232],"the":[9,18,37,65,133,144,177,199,208,220,239],"channel":[10,52],"impulse":[11],"response":[12],"(CIR)":[13],"is":[14,84,188,196],"pivotal":[15],"for":[16,27,33,163,238],"optimizing":[17],"design":[19],"and":[20,24,35,126,150,173,214,234,241],"functionality":[21],"algorithms":[23],"especially":[26],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[28],"(MIMO)":[29],"technology.":[30],"Conventional":[31],"methods":[32],"gauging":[34],"modeling":[36],"channels":[38],"rely":[39],"on":[40],"evaluating":[41],"spatial":[42],"points":[43],"sampled":[44],"discretely,":[45],"resulting":[46],"in":[47,49,122],"limitations":[48],"acquiring":[50],"pertinent":[51],"information":[53],"across":[54],"broad":[56],"region.":[57],"To":[58],"overcome":[59],"these":[60],"limitations,":[61],"this":[62],"study":[63],"embeds":[64],"physical":[66,145],"principles":[67,146],"electromagnetic":[69],"wave":[70,106],"propagation":[71,107,120,149],"into":[72],"data-driven":[73],"deep":[74,92],"learning":[75],"models,":[76,243],"achieving":[77],"second-level":[78],"regional":[79],"CIR":[80],"computing":[81],"efficiency":[82],"that":[83,207],"hundreds":[85],"times":[87,165],"faster.":[88],"The":[89],"proposed":[90,209],"physics-informed":[91],"ray":[93,200],"tracing":[94,201],"network":[95,100,134],"(PIDRTN)":[96],"integrates":[97],"multiple":[98],"U-shaped":[99],"(U-Net)":[101],"encoder-decoder":[102],"blocks,":[103],"capturing":[104],"radio":[105],"characteristics":[108],"within":[109,166],"specific":[111],"region":[112,169],"surrounded":[113],"by":[114],"buildings,":[115],"including":[116],"two":[117],"equivalent":[118],"signal":[119,128,139,148],"directions":[121],"two-dimensional":[124],"space":[125],"intensity":[129],"correction":[130],"term.":[131],"Then,":[132],"employs":[135],"parameter-free":[137],"nonlinear":[138],"transmission":[140],"module":[141],"to":[142,171,184],"emulate":[143],"obtain":[151],"accurate":[152],"CIRs":[153,162],"from":[154],"limited":[155],"anchor":[156,182],"locations,":[157],"which":[158,180],"will":[159],"iteratively":[160],"generate":[161],"various":[164],"specified":[168],"subjected":[170],"enhancement":[172],"denoising":[174],"operations.":[175],"Furthermore,":[176],"PIDRTN-A":[178,242],"model,":[179],"utilizes":[181],"data":[183],"improve":[185],"model":[186,222],"accuracy,":[187],"proposed.":[189],"A":[190],"dataset":[191],"encompassing":[192],"diverse":[193],"fading":[194],"scenarios":[195],"constructed":[197],"using":[198,219],"(RT)":[202],"method.":[203],"Extensive":[204],"experiments":[205],"demonstrate":[206],"models":[210],"effectively":[211],"capture":[212],"directional":[213],"reflective":[215],"properties":[216],"signals;":[218],"RT":[221],"as":[223],"benchmark,":[225],"normalized":[226],"root":[227],"mean":[228],"squared":[229],"errors":[230],"(NRMSEs)":[231],"0.1226":[233],"0.0969":[235],"are":[236],"obtained":[237],"PIDRTN":[240],"respectively.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}