{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408323548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3547045","title":"Maximizing Harvested Energy in Natural Energy Powered RF WPT With Nonlinear EH Model","display_name":"Maximizing Harvested Energy in Natural Energy Powered RF WPT With Nonlinear EH Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408323548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3547045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3547045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3547045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6714-1339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6714-1339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042668908","display_name":"Ke Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-0207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-0207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108049716","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-1448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-1448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079233004","display_name":"Pingyi Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingyi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101635894","display_name":"Bo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-2970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-2970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, the Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, and the National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079052203","display_name":"Khaled B. Letaief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Ben Letaief","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9162,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91089311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"5432","last_page":"5445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6862918138504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6256704330444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5458413362503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-model","display_name":"Nonlinear model","score":0.4863148629665375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4287920594215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4212186336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.40392249822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.40287289023399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23489460349082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19715145230293274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6862918138504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6256704330444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5458413362503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984755018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17118374","display_name":"Nonlinear model","level":3,"score":0.4863148629665375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4287920594215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4212186336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.40392249822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40287289023399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23489460349082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19715145230293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3547045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3547045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4711935633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8533907335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JBZY021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W811208894","https://openalex.org/W1682880250","https://openalex.org/W1916723779","https://openalex.org/W1922569449","https://openalex.org/W1977376809","https://openalex.org/W1988876637","https://openalex.org/W2016250975","https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2068499153","https://openalex.org/W2113754957","https://openalex.org/W2118588134","https://openalex.org/W2122489958","https://openalex.org/W2133019626","https://openalex.org/W2144931885","https://openalex.org/W2177372563","https://openalex.org/W2270788873","https://openalex.org/W2276964001","https://openalex.org/W2294487725","https://openalex.org/W2342830374","https://openalex.org/W2576523800","https://openalex.org/W2603876587","https://openalex.org/W2792059393","https://openalex.org/W2793414964","https://openalex.org/W2964127362","https://openalex.org/W2996943723","https://openalex.org/W3043134246","https://openalex.org/W3185129110","https://openalex.org/W3193707140","https://openalex.org/W3202127765","https://openalex.org/W4224000354","https://openalex.org/W4226265888","https://openalex.org/W4293198214","https://openalex.org/W4293243544","https://openalex.org/W4312854629","https://openalex.org/W4366724560","https://openalex.org/W4389161457","https://openalex.org/W4390605106","https://openalex.org/W4402187167","https://openalex.org/W6603171186","https://openalex.org/W6858639792","https://openalex.org/W6860953597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566010174","https://openalex.org/W2791994394","https://openalex.org/W1908935147","https://openalex.org/W2584021408","https://openalex.org/W4296935286","https://openalex.org/W2087560913","https://openalex.org/W1966708639","https://openalex.org/W4243685516","https://openalex.org/W2005390545","https://openalex.org/W2564052189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,18,54,68,78,82,87,94,99,114,133,139,149,154,156,160,165,168,173,178,201,205,211,232,235,240,244,273,280,287,292,299,304,310,315,321,335,339,342,347,353,359],"typical":[2],"radio":[3,27],"frequency":[4],"(RF)-based":[5],"wireless":[6,12],"power":[7,13,143,170,306,312],"transfer":[8],"(WPT)":[9],"system,":[10],"station":[14],"(WPS)":[15],"connected":[16],"to":[17,22,39,104,131,145,215,230,263,285,326],"grid":[19],"transmits":[20],"energy":[21,74,88,120,136,162,180,318,356],"charge":[23],"low-power":[24],"sensors":[25],"via":[26,137],"signals.":[28],"Such":[29],"a":[30,58,224,248,254,265],"system":[31,62],"may":[32],"not":[33],"be":[34,91],"green":[35,59],"and":[36,47,122,125,164,167,204,208,256,309,330],"also":[37,185],"difficult":[38],"deploy":[40],"in":[41,350],"some":[42],"special":[43,245],"areas":[44],"including":[45,148],"deserts":[46],"mountainous":[48],"areas,":[49],"because":[50],"it":[51,198],"depends":[52],"on":[53,98,108,368],"grid.":[55,79],"To":[56,80,189],"achieve":[57,286],"RF":[60],"WPT":[61],"design,":[63],"this":[64,191],"paper":[65],"considers":[66],"that":[67,89,113,260,279,333],"WPS":[69,115],"is":[70,184,261,324],"powered":[71],"by":[72,93,199,320,365],"natural":[73,161],"sources":[75],"rather":[76],"than":[77,272],"explore":[81],"maximal":[83],"total":[84,134,316,354],"amount":[85],"of":[86,172,234,334,352],"can":[90],"harvested":[92,135,317,355],"sensors,":[95],"we":[96,111,194,222,251],"focus":[97],"offline":[100,109],"setting,":[101],"so":[102],"similar":[103],"many":[105],"existing":[106],"works":[107],"optimization,":[110],"assume":[112],"knows":[116],"prior":[117],"knowledge":[118],"about":[119,327,366],"arrivals":[121],"channel":[123],"changes,":[124],"then":[126,209],"formulate":[127],"an":[128,217],"optimization":[129],"problem":[130],"maximize":[132],"optimizing":[138],"WPS\u2019s":[140],"time-domain":[141],"transmit":[142,169],"subject":[144],"multiple":[146],"constraints,":[147],"finite":[150],"battery":[151],"capacity":[152],"at":[153],"WPS,":[155,174],"causal":[157],"relationship":[158],"between":[159],"harvesting":[163,181],"WPT,":[166],"budget":[171],"where":[175],"for":[176,238,363],"practicality,":[177],"nonlinear":[179],"(EH)":[182],"model":[183],"taken":[186],"into":[187],"account.":[188],"solve":[190],"non-convex":[192],"problem,":[193],"first":[195],"equivalently":[196],"transform":[197],"using":[200],"epigraph":[202],"reformulation":[203],"variable":[206],"substitution,":[207],"use":[210],"first-order":[212],"Taylor":[213],"expansion":[214],"get":[216,264],"approximate":[218],"convex":[219,226],"version.":[220],"Then,":[221],"present":[223],"successive":[225],"approximation":[227],"(SCA)-based":[228],"algorithm":[229,259,323,344],"improve":[231],"accuracy":[233],"obtained":[236],"solution":[237,268],"approaching":[239],"optimal":[241,289],"one.":[242,275],"For":[243,338],"case":[246],"with":[247,269,298],"single":[249],"sensor,":[250],"further":[252],"propose":[253],"branch":[255],"bound":[257],"(BB)-based":[258],"able":[262,284],"more":[266],"accurate":[267],"lower":[270],"complexity":[271],"SCA-based":[274,322,348],"Numerical":[276],"results":[277],"demonstrate":[278],"proposed":[281],"algorithms":[282],"are":[283],"near-global":[288],"solution.":[290],"As":[291],"average":[293],"recharge":[294],"rate":[295],"increases,":[296],"compared":[297],"other":[300],"two":[301],"baselines,":[302],"i.e.,":[303],"greedy":[305],"(GP)":[307],"policy":[308],"constant":[311],"(CP)":[313],"policy,":[314],"achieved":[319],"up":[325],"2.48":[328],"times":[329,332],"1.37":[331],"baselines":[336],"respectively.":[337],"single-sensor":[340],"case,":[341],"BB-based":[343],"always":[345],"outperforms":[346],"one":[349],"terms":[351],"while":[357],"reducing":[358],"running":[360],"time":[361],"required":[362],"solving":[364],"90%":[367],"average.":[369]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
