{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408323678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3546611","title":"Secure Energy Efficiency for ARIS Networks With Deep Learning: Active Beamforming and Position Optimization","display_name":"Secure Energy Efficiency for ARIS Networks With Deep Learning: Active Beamforming and Position Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408323678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3546611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3546611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3546611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445424","display_name":"Dawei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-3623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-3623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6141-3653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6141-3653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011270130","display_name":"Hongbo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-4089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-4089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011900098","display_name":"Fuhui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-6244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-6244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035125196","display_name":"Osama Alfarraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-8617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osama Alfarraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-8617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101975704","display_name":"Weichao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6079-970X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weichao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056209905","display_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-6149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K","Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-6149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482657","display_name":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q963474","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97628124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"5282","last_page":"5296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7201666831970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7032430171966553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5259464383125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5100701451301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37082552909851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3553527295589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13846546411514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11037969589233398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7201666831970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7032430171966553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5259464383125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5100701451301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37082552909851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3553527295589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13846546411514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11037969589233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3546611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3546611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2060091859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62031012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4613762728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"262222107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8596589941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2738731084","https://openalex.org/W2964113506","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3035217884","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3109039904","https://openalex.org/W3127940641","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3172626944","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3179753024","https://openalex.org/W3212776628","https://openalex.org/W4287887619","https://openalex.org/W4293203827","https://openalex.org/W4312227560","https://openalex.org/W4321770460","https://openalex.org/W4323065882","https://openalex.org/W4327521687","https://openalex.org/W4361799148","https://openalex.org/W4365800547","https://openalex.org/W4379116905","https://openalex.org/W4384080786","https://openalex.org/W4386363074","https://openalex.org/W4389076552","https://openalex.org/W4389331917","https://openalex.org/W4393241120","https://openalex.org/W4393325693","https://openalex.org/W4394698864","https://openalex.org/W4399311056","https://openalex.org/W4399345064","https://openalex.org/W4399666271","https://openalex.org/W4401475534","https://openalex.org/W4405907074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2567141277","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2727286692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Incorporating":[0],"an":[1,7,14,108,173,184,202],"active":[2,61,89,126],"reconfigurable":[3,16],"intelligent":[4,17],"surface":[5,18],"on":[6],"autonomous":[8],"aerial":[9,15],"vehicles":[10],"(AAVs),":[11],"denoted":[12],"as":[13,39],"(ARIS),":[19],"introduces":[20],"a":[21,40,50,72,135,154,165],"novel":[22],"dimension":[23],"for":[24,57],"secure":[25,51,220],"transmissions.":[26],"Given":[27],"the":[28,80,88,93,103,120,125,129,144,149,180,214,217],"constraint":[29],"of":[30,206,216],"limited":[31],"battery":[32],"capacity":[33],"in":[34,204,223,230],"AAVs,":[35],"energy":[36,52,228],"management":[37],"emerges":[38],"key":[41],"challenge":[42],"within":[43],"AAV":[44,145,231],"networks.":[45,232],"In":[46,70],"response,":[47],"we":[48,100,133,160],"propose":[49,134],"efficiency":[53,229],"(SEE)":[54],"transmission":[55,221],"scheme":[56,222],"ARIS":[58,62,94,151],"networks,":[59],"where":[60],"is":[63,76,188],"strategically":[64],"deployed":[65],"to":[66,86,146,178,190,208],"enhance":[67],"information":[68,85],"security.":[69],"addition,":[71],"SEE":[73,105,205],"optimal":[74,150],"problem":[75,170],"formulated":[77],"by":[78],"considering":[79],"imperfect":[81],"wiretap":[82],"channel":[83],"state":[84],"optimize":[87,179],"beamforming":[90,158],"vector":[91],"and":[92,111,123,171,227],"position.":[95],"For":[96,128],"this":[97,162],"non-convex":[98],"problem,":[99],"first":[101],"reformulate":[102],"fractional":[104],"objective":[106],"into":[107,115,164],"equivalent":[109],"form":[110],"subsequently":[112],"decompose":[113],"it":[114],"two":[116],"distinct":[117],"subproblems:":[118],"optimizing":[119],"AAV\u2019s":[121,130],"position":[122,131,152],"designing":[124],"beamforming.":[127],"optimization,":[132],"sophisticated":[136],"deep":[137],"deterministic":[138],"policy":[139],"gradient":[140],"algorithm":[141,187],"that":[142],"enables":[143],"autonomously":[147],"determine":[148],"through":[153],"self-learning":[155],"strategy.":[156],"Regarding":[157],"design,":[159],"transform":[161],"aspect":[163],"quadratic":[166,168],"constrained":[167],"programming":[169],"design":[172],"alternating":[174,185],"direction":[175],"multiplier":[176],"method":[177],"reflection":[181],"coefficient.":[182],"Subsequently,":[183],"optimization":[186],"proposed":[189,199,218],"synergistically":[191],"solve":[192],"these":[193],"subproblems.":[194],"Empirical":[195],"simulations":[196],"validate":[197],"our":[198],"scheme,":[200],"indicating":[201],"improvement":[203,212],"up":[207],"47.2%.":[209],"This":[210],"significant":[211],"underscores":[213],"efficacy":[215],"ARIS-assisted":[219],"enhancing":[224],"both":[225],"security":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
