{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407097676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3534439","title":"RIS-Assisted ISAC Systems for Robust Secure Transmission With Imperfect Sense Estimation","display_name":"RIS-Assisted ISAC Systems for Robust Secure Transmission With Imperfect Sense Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407097676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3534439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3534439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3534439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034470933","display_name":"Chengjun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8947-3717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengjun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8947-3717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035043615","display_name":"Chensi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-5671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chensi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-5671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076730859","display_name":"Chongwen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-8437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongwen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-8437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101812391","display_name":"Jianhua Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-6188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-6188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034470933"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98937879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"3979","last_page":"3992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.782834529876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7650870084762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4862474203109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.44002366065979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4394637942314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4316450357437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32754501700401306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.782834529876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7650870084762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4862474203109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.44002366065979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4394637942314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4316450357437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32754501700401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3534439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3534439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1129167665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2361871290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62394292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2049516452","https://openalex.org/W2053249558","https://openalex.org/W2080693943","https://openalex.org/W2133965435","https://openalex.org/W3038047043","https://openalex.org/W3119152637","https://openalex.org/W3121416728","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3134746776","https://openalex.org/W3154003282","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3158743991","https://openalex.org/W3164896102","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3200820186","https://openalex.org/W3201063899","https://openalex.org/W3205503849","https://openalex.org/W3210839039","https://openalex.org/W3211270128","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4221057152","https://openalex.org/W4225013399","https://openalex.org/W4226165103","https://openalex.org/W4282978725","https://openalex.org/W4285045065","https://openalex.org/W4291910413","https://openalex.org/W4298368989","https://openalex.org/W4309400197","https://openalex.org/W4312051213","https://openalex.org/W4312264989","https://openalex.org/W4313037712","https://openalex.org/W4321021057","https://openalex.org/W4321490517","https://openalex.org/W4322706724","https://openalex.org/W4379033831","https://openalex.org/W4379116905","https://openalex.org/W4380763437","https://openalex.org/W4382618630","https://openalex.org/W4386090274","https://openalex.org/W4388819611","https://openalex.org/W4388837980","https://openalex.org/W4389922377","https://openalex.org/W4390285037","https://openalex.org/W4390905824","https://openalex.org/W4396852905","https://openalex.org/W4399206009","https://openalex.org/W4399767885","https://openalex.org/W4402835509","https://openalex.org/W4403052636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374250903","https://openalex.org/W1546413948","https://openalex.org/W2263832889","https://openalex.org/W2243884323","https://openalex.org/W42072456","https://openalex.org/W4243095785","https://openalex.org/W4387894447","https://openalex.org/W2089057551","https://openalex.org/W2487056937","https://openalex.org/W2012179620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,73,113,130],"investigate":[4],"reconfigurable":[5],"intelligent":[6],"surface":[7],"(RIS)-assisted":[8],"integrated":[9],"sensing":[10,48,63,104,193,211],"and":[11,65,79,102,140,162,198,210],"communication":[12,209],"(ISAC)":[13],"systems":[14],"for":[15,118],"robust":[16,204],"physical":[17],"layer":[18],"security":[19,127,197],"(PLS)":[20],"schemes.":[21],"Traditionally,":[22],"eavesdroppers":[23],"(Eves)":[24],"typically":[25],"avoid":[26],"interacting":[27],"with":[28],"the":[29,42,47,56,86,92,98,103,110,116,132,141,146,154,158,163,169,184,188,192,199,202],"base":[30],"station,":[31],"making":[32],"it":[33],"challenging":[34],"to":[35,55,84,144,167,173],"obtain":[36],"their":[37],"relevant":[38],"information,":[39],"which":[40],"limits":[41],"implementation":[43],"of":[44,58,95,149,191,201],"PLS.":[45,59],"Fortunately,":[46],"information":[49,122],"obtained":[50,178],"by":[51,179],"ISAC":[52],"can":[53],"contribute":[54],"design":[57,82],"Therefore,":[60],"leveraging":[61],"imperfect":[62],"estimation":[64],"employing":[66],"dedicated":[67],"radar":[68],"signals":[69],"as":[70],"artificial":[71],"noise,":[72],"formulate":[74],"an":[75,174,180],"RIS-assisted":[76],"joint":[77],"active":[78],"passive":[80],"beamforming":[81],"problem":[83,111],"maximize":[85],"sum":[87],"secrecy":[88],"rate":[89],"while":[90],"satisfying":[91],"user\u2019s":[93],"quality":[94],"service":[96],"constraints,":[97,101],"transmission":[99],"power":[100],"signal":[105],"strength":[106],"requirements.":[107],"To":[108],"make":[109],"tractable,":[112],"first":[114],"derive":[115],"bound":[117],"Eve\u2019s":[119],"channel":[120],"state":[121],"uncertainty":[123],"region":[124],"based":[125],"on":[126],"approximations.":[128],"Subsequently,":[129],"employ":[131],"<inline-formula":[133],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[134],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[135],"<tex-math":[136],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathcal":[137],"{S}$":[138],"</tex-math></inline-formula>-procedure":[139],"symbolic-deterministic":[142],"methods":[143],"transform":[145],"infinite":[147],"number":[148],"inequalities.":[150],"We":[151],"then":[152],"utilize":[153],"first-order":[155],"Taylor":[156],"expansion,":[157],"second-order":[159],"cone":[160],"methods,":[161],"successive":[164],"convex":[165],"approximation":[166],"address":[168],"nonconvexity":[170],"problem,":[171],"leading":[172],"efficient":[175],"suboptimal":[176],"solution":[177],"iterative":[181],"algorithm.":[182],"Finally,":[183],"simulation":[185],"results":[186],"demonstrate":[187],"significant":[189],"potential":[190],"function":[194],"in":[195,206],"enhancing":[196],"effectiveness":[200],"proposed":[203],"scheme":[205],"flexibly":[207],"balancing":[208],"quality.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}