{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406457603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3527962","title":"Holographic Metasurface-Based Beamforming for Multi-Altitude LEO Satellite Networks","display_name":"Holographic Metasurface-Based Beamforming for Multi-Altitude LEO Satellite Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406457603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3527962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3527962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3527962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/497698/1/TAMS.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004654557","display_name":"Qingchao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-334X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingchao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-334X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016934590","display_name":"Mohammed El\u2010Hajjar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-1401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed El-Hajjar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-1401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091160047","display_name":"Kaijun Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3893-9410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002507578","display_name":"Chao Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8423-0342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074320996","display_name":"Harald Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, Cambridge University, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, Cambridge University, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004654557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":299.5788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99997435,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"3103","last_page":"3116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6646332144737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6455047130584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6224452257156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holography","display_name":"Holography","score":0.5665732026100159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4751962423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.4313652217388153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.4182485342025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3894374668598175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1804591715335846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17525845766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12674251198768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.10963934659957886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6646332144737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6455047130584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6224452257156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.5665732026100159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4751962423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.4313652217388153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.4182485342025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3894374668598175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1804591715335846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17525845766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12674251198768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.10963934659957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3527962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3527962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:497698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3527962>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/497698/1/TAMS.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401020","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:497698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3527962>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/497698/1/TAMS.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401020","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G108985073","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X04047X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1119933806","display_name":"Platform Driving The Ultimate Connectivity","funder_award_id":"EP/X04047X/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1131370387","display_name":"UKRI-India Future Networks Initiative","funder_award_id":"EP/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1471839284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1566636077","display_name":"Platform Driving The Ultimate Connectivity","funder_award_id":"EP/X04047X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2422336959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P003990/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2490835098","display_name":"Pervasive Wireless Intelligence Beyond the Generations (PerCom)","funder_award_id":"EP/X01228X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2544329817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"789028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2909309003","display_name":"Reliable and Robust Quantum Computing","funder_award_id":"EP/W032635/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3589673515","display_name":"TITAN Extension","funder_award_id":"EP/Y037243/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3964311364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4851813410","display_name":"Pervasive Wireless Intelligence Beyond the Generations","funder_award_id":"EP/Y026721/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4982716793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J016640/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5793758419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y037243/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6158505172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/D056691/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6495392424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/W016605/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7577831327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G05178X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8269789390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X01228X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8841181560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W016524/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406457603.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W3009574497","https://openalex.org/W3016282456","https://openalex.org/W3023458242","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3195850688","https://openalex.org/W3216670142","https://openalex.org/W4210250788","https://openalex.org/W4210739474","https://openalex.org/W4225959144","https://openalex.org/W4281958709","https://openalex.org/W4285245297","https://openalex.org/W4289656503","https://openalex.org/W4293198501","https://openalex.org/W4312675325","https://openalex.org/W4312695887","https://openalex.org/W4316876960","https://openalex.org/W4316876981","https://openalex.org/W4319988685","https://openalex.org/W4361862443","https://openalex.org/W4367031794","https://openalex.org/W4381785979","https://openalex.org/W4385900857","https://openalex.org/W4386231167","https://openalex.org/W4387730105","https://openalex.org/W4388207524","https://openalex.org/W4388269241","https://openalex.org/W4389252359","https://openalex.org/W4390533235","https://openalex.org/W4391019701","https://openalex.org/W4391827253","https://openalex.org/W4391952652","https://openalex.org/W4392157642","https://openalex.org/W4393241097","https://openalex.org/W4394698580","https://openalex.org/W4394862981","https://openalex.org/W4394939012","https://openalex.org/W4396505702","https://openalex.org/W4396604696","https://openalex.org/W4396909783","https://openalex.org/W4398151367","https://openalex.org/W4399666335","https://openalex.org/W4402474682","https://openalex.org/W6856916424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2707254711","https://openalex.org/W4312894971","https://openalex.org/W2520519067","https://openalex.org/W4381305349","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W429585224","https://openalex.org/W2028190576","https://openalex.org/W4385750381","https://openalex.org/W4206958678","https://openalex.org/W2373343648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1],"Orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"satellite":[4,33,50,111,138],"networks":[5],"are":[6],"capable":[7,170],"of":[8,85,92,108,123,134,171,180,188,216],"improving":[9],"the":[10,36,43,48,52,56,74,106,109,124,128,132,143,173,184,189,195,207,213,217],"global":[11],"Internet":[12],"service":[13],"coverage.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"context,":[17],"we":[18,95,192],"propose":[19,96],"a":[20,63,97,135],"hybrid":[21,166],"beamforming":[22,100,167,196],"design":[23],"for":[24,72],"holographic":[25,37,163,218],"metasurface":[26,164,219],"based":[27,69,126,165],"terrestrial":[28,53],"users":[29],"in":[30,131,178],"multi-altitude":[31],"LEO":[32,110,137],"networks.":[34],"Firstly,":[35],"beamformer":[38,58],"is":[39,59,169],"optimized":[40],"by":[41,61,203,212],"maximizing":[42],"downlink":[44],"channel":[45,87],"gain":[46],"from":[47,77],"serving":[49],"to":[51,121,150],"user.":[54],"Then,":[55],"digital":[57],"designed":[60],"conceiving":[62],"minimum":[64],"mean":[65],"square":[66],"error":[67],"(MMSE)":[68],"detection":[70],"algorithm":[71,101,125],"mitigating":[73],"interference":[75,153],"arriving":[76],"other":[78],"satellites.":[79],"To":[80],"dispense":[81],"with":[82],"excessive":[83],"overhead":[84],"full":[86,129],"state":[88],"information":[89],"(CSI)":[90],"acquisition":[91],"all":[93],"satellites,":[94],"low-complexity":[98],"MMSE":[99],"that":[102,122,160,194],"only":[103],"relies":[104],"on":[105,127],"distribution":[107],"constellation":[112],"harnessing":[113],"stochastic":[114],"geometry,":[115],"which":[116],"can":[117,199],"achieve":[118],"comparable":[119],"throughput":[120],"CSI":[130],"case":[133],"dense":[136,214],"deployment.":[139],"Furthermore,":[140],"it":[141],"outperforms":[142],"maximum":[144],"ratio":[145],"combining":[146],"(MRC)":[147],"algorithm,":[148],"thanks":[149],"its":[151,181],"inter-satellite":[152],"mitigation":[154],"capacity.":[155],"The":[156],"simulation":[157],"results":[158],"show":[159],"our":[161],"proposed":[162],"architecture":[168,177],"outperforming":[172],"state-of-the-art":[174],"antenna":[175],"array":[176],"terms":[179],"throughput,":[182],"given":[183],"same":[185],"physical":[186],"size":[187],"transceivers.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"demonstrate":[193],"performance":[197],"attained":[198],"be":[200],"substantially":[201],"improved":[202],"taking":[204],"into":[205],"account":[206],"mutual":[208],"coupling":[209],"effect,":[210],"imposed":[211],"placement":[215],"elements.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":45}],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
