{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405907409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3520661","title":"A Novel Knowledge Graph Driven Automatic Modulation Classification Framework for 6G Wireless Communications","display_name":"A Novel Knowledge Graph Driven Automatic Modulation Classification Framework for 6G Wireless Communications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405907409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3520661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3520661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3520661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10203507/1/A_Novel_Knowledge_Graph_Driven_Automatic_Modulation_Classification_Framework_for_6G_Wireless_Communications.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101537778","display_name":"Yike Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7809-4428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yike Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7809-4428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011900098","display_name":"Fuhui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-6244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence and the Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-6244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence and the Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005665036","display_name":"Lu Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-1686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-1686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785103","display_name":"Qihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081018704","display_name":"Naofal Al\u2010Dhahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naofal Al-Dhahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2225,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8304272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"2373","last_page":"2388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.731367290019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6104076504707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.42396336793899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.41179609298706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37515413761138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3339366614818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3327888250350952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.731367290019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6104076504707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.42396336793899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.41179609298706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37515413761138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3339366614818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3327888250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3520661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3520661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10203507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10203507/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10203507/1/A_Novel_Knowledge_Graph_Driven_Automatic_Modulation_Classification_Framework_for_6G_Wireless_Communications.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2024) (In press).","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10203507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10203507/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10203507/1/A_Novel_Knowledge_Graph_Driven_Automatic_Modulation_Classification_Framework_for_6G_Wireless_Communications.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2024) (In press).","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G472321626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7380339798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ILF240041A24","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334982","funder_display_name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8431966463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334982","display_name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405907409.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405907409.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529533208","https://openalex.org/W2114267371","https://openalex.org/W2147893740","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2560119283","https://openalex.org/W2603396821","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2795250928","https://openalex.org/W2803445619","https://openalex.org/W2892154397","https://openalex.org/W2916820451","https://openalex.org/W2999146029","https://openalex.org/W3003265726","https://openalex.org/W3101503122","https://openalex.org/W3144404977","https://openalex.org/W3174232357","https://openalex.org/W3175065799","https://openalex.org/W3193052805","https://openalex.org/W3193513114","https://openalex.org/W3212958699","https://openalex.org/W4206907040","https://openalex.org/W4220783431","https://openalex.org/W4225968213","https://openalex.org/W4312480037","https://openalex.org/W4320015862","https://openalex.org/W4320018370","https://openalex.org/W4323338327","https://openalex.org/W4362653282","https://openalex.org/W4377079721","https://openalex.org/W4379931762","https://openalex.org/W4381679608","https://openalex.org/W4382407401","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385626897","https://openalex.org/W4387010052","https://openalex.org/W4390489645","https://openalex.org/W4394677132","https://openalex.org/W4402157546","https://openalex.org/W6730323794","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6781932242","https://openalex.org/W6845625448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310772596","https://openalex.org/W4242411193","https://openalex.org/W2005252255","https://openalex.org/W3049521731","https://openalex.org/W2392364538","https://openalex.org/W2118861875","https://openalex.org/W2912449881","https://openalex.org/W2165638752","https://openalex.org/W2394301869","https://openalex.org/W1977222135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"modulation":[1,65],"classification":[2,161],"(AMC)":[3],"is":[4,103,130,172],"a":[5,64,70,98,125,159],"promising":[6],"technology":[7],"to":[8,105,121,132,164],"realize":[9],"intelligent":[10],"wireless":[11,17],"communications":[12],"in":[13,29,50,174],"the":[14,51,61,81,84,92,107,111,117,123,134,140,150,156,168,177,180,184],"sixth-generation":[15],"(6G)":[16],"communication":[18],"networks.":[19],"Recently,":[20],"many":[21],"data-and-knowledge":[22],"dual-driven":[23],"schemes":[24,35],"have":[25],"achieved":[26],"high":[27],"accuracy":[28],"AMC.":[30],"However,":[31],"most":[32],"of":[33,42,86,116,152,170,176,179],"these":[34,56],"focus":[36],"on":[37],"generating":[38],"additional":[39],"prior":[40],"knowledge":[41,66,72,109],"unknown":[43],"signals,":[44],"which":[45],"needs":[46],"more":[47],"computation":[48],"cost":[49],"inference":[52],"phase.":[53],"To":[54,90],"solve":[55],"problems,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"for":[60],"first":[62],"time":[63],"graph":[67,73],"(MKG),":[68],"and":[69,110,113,155,183],"novel":[71],"(KG)":[74],"driven":[75],"AMC":[76],"(KGAMC)":[77],"framework":[78],"by":[79,95,139],"training":[80],"networks":[82],"under":[83],"guidance":[85],"MKG":[87,108],"domain":[88],"knowledge.":[89],"achieve":[91],"best":[93],"performance":[94,162],"exploiting":[96],"KGAMC,":[97],"KG-driven":[99],"multi-time-scale":[100],"network":[101],"(KG-MTSNet)":[102],"proposed":[104],"extract":[106],"scale":[112],"frequency":[114],"features":[115],"sampled":[118],"signals.":[119],"Moreover,":[120],"utilize":[122],"knowledge,":[124],"designed":[126],"feature":[127,136,181],"aggregation":[128],"loss":[129],"implemented":[131],"improve":[133],"signal":[135],"presentation":[137],"obtained":[138],"data-driven":[141,153],"model.":[142],"Simulation":[143],"results":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"that":[146],"KGAMC":[147,171],"significantly":[148],"boosts":[149],"performances":[151],"models,":[154],"KG-MTSNet":[157],"achieves":[158],"superior":[160],"compared":[163],"other":[165],"benchmarks.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"demonstrated":[173],"terms":[175],"interpretability":[178],"extraction":[182],"sample":[185],"shortage":[186],"situation.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}