{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405599391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3516077","title":"Joint Load Adjustment and Sleep Management for Virtualized gNBs in Computing Power Networks","display_name":"Joint Load Adjustment and Sleep Management for Virtualized gNBs in Computing Power Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405599391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3516077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3516077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3516077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001563754","display_name":"Dixiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7363-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dixiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7363-1569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081702639","display_name":"Nian Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-2649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nian Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Electronic Information and the School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-2649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Electronic Information and the School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102866993","display_name":"Xiqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-3334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-3334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liu Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391447","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-8905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["6G Research Center, China Telecom Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-8905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"6G Research Center, China Telecom Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076863392","display_name":"Yuanwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060203564","display_name":"Mugen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mugen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-7231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75841921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"2067","last_page":"2082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.921999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5922268033027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5810258984565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4255145490169525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.42196905612945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3263119161128998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1755877435207367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.11496227979660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1002112329006195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5922268033027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5810258984565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4255145490169525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.42196905612945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3263119161128998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1755877435207367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.11496227979660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1002112329006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3516077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3516077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3503375149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1806703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5143388904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22KJB510029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557654162","https://openalex.org/W1904504745","https://openalex.org/W1991898587","https://openalex.org/W2014326592","https://openalex.org/W2060947387","https://openalex.org/W2061023771","https://openalex.org/W2079932996","https://openalex.org/W2104910361","https://openalex.org/W2112170521","https://openalex.org/W2122274805","https://openalex.org/W2151777658","https://openalex.org/W2319291972","https://openalex.org/W2583768932","https://openalex.org/W2610279045","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2751969415","https://openalex.org/W2804410507","https://openalex.org/W2895059999","https://openalex.org/W2896356700","https://openalex.org/W2897066997","https://openalex.org/W2945892719","https://openalex.org/W2947173962","https://openalex.org/W2962814013","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2975451629","https://openalex.org/W2981682026","https://openalex.org/W2998666873","https://openalex.org/W3014515476","https://openalex.org/W3028002358","https://openalex.org/W3033837098","https://openalex.org/W3035835977","https://openalex.org/W3049257450","https://openalex.org/W3095021509","https://openalex.org/W3129005378","https://openalex.org/W3129519206","https://openalex.org/W3172535299","https://openalex.org/W3200429765","https://openalex.org/W3205380204","https://openalex.org/W3210420200","https://openalex.org/W3215554746","https://openalex.org/W3217596786","https://openalex.org/W4225725726","https://openalex.org/W4226124539","https://openalex.org/W4256652509","https://openalex.org/W4281287768","https://openalex.org/W4285117925","https://openalex.org/W4285239188","https://openalex.org/W4285257535","https://openalex.org/W4290973640","https://openalex.org/W4312379221","https://openalex.org/W4312591688","https://openalex.org/W4313133435","https://openalex.org/W4313427414","https://openalex.org/W4321484151","https://openalex.org/W4322706955","https://openalex.org/W4375929097","https://openalex.org/W4381299404","https://openalex.org/W4383220028","https://openalex.org/W4384284021","https://openalex.org/W4388659283","https://openalex.org/W6883149989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56,128],"forthcoming":[1],"sixth":[2],"generation":[3],"(6G)":[4],"mobile":[5],"communication":[6],"system":[7],"aims":[8],"to":[9,35,52,101,122,156,184,199],"advance":[10],"technologies":[11],"that":[12,163],"span":[13],"and":[14,17,23,116,178,193,201],"integrate":[15],"computation":[16,194],"communications.":[18],"Computing":[19],"power":[20,74,97,107,180],"networks":[21,27],"(CPNs)":[22],"virtualized":[24,42],"radio":[25],"access":[26],"(vRANs)":[28],"are":[29,47],"regarded":[30],"as":[31,133],"two":[32],"fundamental":[33],"techniques":[34],"achieve":[36],"this":[37,110,158],"integration.":[38],"Network":[39],"functions":[40],"of":[41,59,66,72,90,95,173],"next-generation":[43],"Node":[44],"Bs":[45],"(vgNBs)":[46],"implemented":[48],"on":[49],"general-purpose":[50],"servers":[51],"process":[53],"protocol":[54],"stacks.":[55],"energy":[57,67,79,195],"consumption":[58,80,196],"vgNBs":[60],"accounts":[61],"for":[62],"a":[63,112,134],"significant":[64],"portion":[65],"consumption.":[68,181],"However,":[69],"the":[70,88,164,187],"proliferation":[71],"computing":[73,91,96,106,179],"nodes":[75,92],"results":[76,161],"in":[77,81,171],"increased":[78],"CPNs.":[82],"Power":[83],"usage":[84],"effectiveness":[85],"(PUE)":[86],"reflects":[87],"efficiency":[89,94],"while":[93,125],"(ECP)":[98],"is":[99,142],"adopted":[100],"indicate":[102],"data":[103],"rates":[104],"per":[105],"unit.":[108],"In":[109],"work,":[111],"joint":[113],"load":[114],"adjustment":[115],"sleep":[117],"management":[118],"scheme":[119],"was":[120,131,154],"designed":[121],"maximize":[123],"ECP":[124,192],"minimizing":[126],"PUE.":[127],"optimization":[129],"problem":[130],"formulated":[132],"mixed":[135],"integer":[136],"non-linear":[137],"programming":[138],"(MINLP)":[139],"problem,":[140],"which":[141],"NP-hard.":[143],"A":[144],"quantum":[145,152],"genetic":[146],"algorithm":[147,166],"(QGA)":[148],"with":[149],"non-equal":[150],"size":[151],"register":[153],"suggested":[155],"solve":[157],"problem.":[159],"Simulation":[160],"demonstrated":[162],"proposed":[165,188],"could":[167,190],"outperform":[168],"benchmark":[169],"approaches":[170],"terms":[172],"convergence":[174],"speed,":[175],"ECP,":[176],"PUE,":[177],"When":[182],"compared":[183],"other":[185],"methods,":[186],"approach":[189],"improve":[191],"by":[197],"up":[198],"19.5%":[200],"21.7%,":[202],"respectively.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}