{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405179358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3507795","title":"Near-Field Wideband Beam Training Based on Distance-Dependent Beam Split","display_name":"Near-Field Wideband Beam Training Based on Distance-Dependent Beam Split","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405179358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3507795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3507795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3507795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030635624","display_name":"Tianyue Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2826-6498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyue Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708368","display_name":"Mingyao Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5985-5877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyao Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5985-5877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064564977","display_name":"Zidong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-0924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zidong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-0924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081869164","display_name":"Linglong Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-7315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linglong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-7315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.4343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99172609,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"1278","last_page":"1292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.7177416086196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.6470295190811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4505142569541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.42035233974456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3799073398113251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3331024646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2572180926799774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20280468463897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.7177416086196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.6470295190811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4505142569541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42035233974456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3799073398113251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3331024646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2572180926799774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20280468463897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3507795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3507795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2858362410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62325106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6574857601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB811503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2146402430","https://openalex.org/W2314562768","https://openalex.org/W2534496827","https://openalex.org/W2782637457","https://openalex.org/W2784120836","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2963742775","https://openalex.org/W2998872355","https://openalex.org/W3001370401","https://openalex.org/W3043521615","https://openalex.org/W3072069827","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3126485115","https://openalex.org/W3154003107","https://openalex.org/W3161143904","https://openalex.org/W3162972435","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3199802483","https://openalex.org/W3213225772","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4293768949","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4297310224","https://openalex.org/W4297911460","https://openalex.org/W4311414687","https://openalex.org/W4312688996","https://openalex.org/W4377235263","https://openalex.org/W4379932243","https://openalex.org/W4385819700","https://openalex.org/W4386453663","https://openalex.org/W4386472851","https://openalex.org/W4387790002","https://openalex.org/W4389924236","https://openalex.org/W4390496060","https://openalex.org/W4390873721","https://openalex.org/W4390938773","https://openalex.org/W4392158217","https://openalex.org/W4399118807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036","https://openalex.org/W2271181815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Near-field":[0],"beam":[1,23,34,83,101,133],"training":[2,84,90,134,185],"is":[3],"essential":[4],"for":[5,162],"acquiring":[6],"channel":[7],"state":[8],"information":[9],"in":[10,51,66,122,146],"6G":[11],"extremely":[12],"large-scale":[13],"multiple":[14,16,44,123],"input":[15],"output":[17],"(XL-MIMO)":[18],"systems.":[19],"To":[20,74],"achieve":[21],"low-overhead":[22],"training,":[24],"existing":[25],"method":[26,61,85,135,180],"has":[27],"been":[28],"proposed":[29,179],"to":[30,41,86,173],"leverage":[31],"the":[32,47,60,67,76,89,96,106,119,127,158,175,178],"near-field":[33,132],"split":[35],"effect,":[36],"which":[37,70],"deploys":[38],"true-time-delay":[39],"arrays":[40],"simultaneously":[42,117,143],"search":[43,65],"angles":[45,139],"of":[46,99,108,156,177],"entire":[48],"angular":[49,120],"range":[50],"a":[52,56,80,131,151],"distance":[53,68,124],"ring":[54],"with":[55],"single":[57],"pilot.":[58],"However,":[59],"still":[62],"requires":[63],"exhaustive":[64],"domain,":[69],"limits":[71],"its":[72],"efficiency.":[73],"address":[75],"problem,":[77],"we":[78,93,129],"propose":[79,130],"distance-dependent":[81,100],"beam-split-based":[82],"further":[87],"reduce":[88],"overheads.":[91],"Specifically,":[92],"first":[94],"reveal":[95],"new":[97],"phenomenon":[98],"split,":[102],"where":[103,136],"by":[104],"manipulating":[105],"configurations":[107],"time-delay":[109],"and":[110,140,167,184],"phase-shift,":[111],"beams":[112],"at":[113],"different":[114,138],"frequencies":[115],"can":[116,142],"scan":[118],"domain":[121],"rings.":[125],"Leveraging":[126],"phenomenon,":[128],"both":[137],"distances":[141],"be":[144],"searched":[145],"one":[147],"time":[148],"slot.":[149],"Thus,":[150],"few":[152],"pilots":[153],"are":[154,170],"capable":[155],"covering":[157],"whole":[159],"angle-distance":[160],"space":[161],"wideband":[163],"XL-MIMO.":[164],"Theoretical":[165],"analysis":[166],"numerical":[168],"simulations":[169],"also":[171],"displayed":[172],"verify":[174],"superiority":[176],"on":[181],"beamforming":[182],"gain":[183],"overhead.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}