{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405022067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3505202","title":"Adaptive Phase Shifters for Hybrid Beamforming in mmWave Systems","display_name":"Adaptive Phase Shifters for Hybrid Beamforming in mmWave Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405022067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3505202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3505202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3505202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036709450","display_name":"Mohamed Alouzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-3664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Alouzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, QC, Montreal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-3664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, QC, Montreal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035446029","display_name":"Halim Yan\u0131k\u00f6mero\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halim Yanikomeroglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, QC, Montreal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-9354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, QC, Montreal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022600471","display_name":"G\u00fcne\u015f Karabulut Kurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunes Karabulut Kurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, QC, Montreal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-2619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, QC, Montreal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70658801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"1104","last_page":"1116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7315154671669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6134127378463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.48668771982192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.42721840739250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3924473524093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22598764300346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16780325770378113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7315154671669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6134127378463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.48668771982192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.42721840739250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3924473524093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22598764300346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16780325770378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3505202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3505202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:61686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/61686/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revue"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2037682381","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2116193517","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2517686986","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2774500337","https://openalex.org/W2801751256","https://openalex.org/W2807908905","https://openalex.org/W2916906538","https://openalex.org/W2948638558","https://openalex.org/W2958068370","https://openalex.org/W2963332680","https://openalex.org/W2963779184","https://openalex.org/W3034646744","https://openalex.org/W3048976518","https://openalex.org/W3082208370","https://openalex.org/W3116062642","https://openalex.org/W3176327693","https://openalex.org/W3181440902","https://openalex.org/W4285411671","https://openalex.org/W4290717193","https://openalex.org/W4292348120","https://openalex.org/W4313058426","https://openalex.org/W4362653387","https://openalex.org/W4387350722","https://openalex.org/W4388430447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W4391913857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Full-array":[0],"(FA)":[1],"hybrid":[2,30,63,96,120,132,168,203,214,218,227,238],"beamforming,":[3],"integrating":[4],"analog":[5,35],"and":[6,43,103,112,164,216,220,246,257],"digital":[7],"components,":[8],"is":[9,45,122,187],"employed":[10],"in":[11,28,33],"millimeter":[12],"wave":[13],"(mmWave)":[14],"systems":[15,245],"to":[16,47,69,124,128,153,180,224,249],"achieve":[17,125],"directional":[18],"signal":[19],"transmission":[20],"with":[21,80,229,253],"enhanced":[22],"gains.":[23],"The":[24,117,235],"main":[25],"hardware":[26,71,101,255],"challenge":[27],"this":[29],"configuration":[31],"resides":[32],"the":[34,41,74,81,107,129,136,142,154,171,181,197],"segment,":[36],"where":[37],"each":[38],"antenna":[39,84,110,185],"at":[40],"transmitters":[42],"receivers":[44],"linked":[46],"an":[48],"entire":[49,155],"network":[50,156,173],"of":[51,76,83,106,109,138,144,157,167,174,184,201,211,233],"phase":[52,91],"shifters":[53,92],"(PSs).":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"this,":[57],"researchers":[58],"have":[59],"investigated":[60],"sub-array":[61],"(SA)":[62],"designs":[64,204,228],"that":[65,98,196,210],"use":[66],"fewer":[67],"PSs":[68,77,145,175,208],"reduce":[70],"complexity;":[72],"however,":[73],"number":[75,82,108,137,143,183,232],"scales":[78],"linearly":[79],"subarrays.":[85],"This":[86],"paper":[87],"introduces":[88],"innovative":[89,251],"adaptive":[90],"(APSs)":[93],"designed":[94,123],"for":[95,160,243],"beamforming":[97],"feature":[99],"low":[100,254],"complexity":[102,256],"operate":[104],"independently":[105],"arrays":[111],"radio":[113],"frequency":[114],"(RF)":[115],"chains.":[116],"proposed":[118,236],"APSs":[119,202,237],"scheme":[121],"performance":[126,200,223],"comparable":[127],"FA":[130,213,225],"iterative":[131,226],"design":[133,166,215,219,239,252],"while":[134],"minimizing":[135],"required":[139],"PSs.":[140,234],"Specifically,":[141],"can":[146],"vary":[147],"from":[148],"two":[149,207],"per":[150,176],"RF":[151,177],"chain":[152],"PSs,":[158],"allowing":[159],"a":[161,230],"more":[162],"efficient":[163],"high-performance":[165],"systems.":[169],"Furthermore,":[170],"full":[172],"chain,":[178],"corresponding":[179],"total":[182],"elements,":[186],"reduced":[188],"using":[189,205],"modified":[190],"K-means":[191],"algorithms.":[192],"Simulation":[193],"results":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"spectral":[198,259],"efficiency":[199],"only":[206],"surpasses":[209],"conventional":[212],"SA":[217],"exhibits":[221],"similar":[222],"smaller":[231],"represents":[240],"promising":[241],"technology":[242],"6G":[244],"beyond,":[247],"owing":[248],"its":[250],"high-gain":[258],"efficiency.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
