{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404952423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3504839","title":"Large-Scale RIS Enabled Air-Ground Channels: Near-Field Modeling and Analysis","display_name":"Large-Scale RIS Enabled Air-Ground Channels: Near-Field Modeling and Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404952423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3504839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3504839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3504839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041881347","display_name":"Hao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-4231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-4231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109673848","display_name":"Wangqi Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-2739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wangqi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027587940","display_name":"Zaichen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaichen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-8713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075696071","display_name":"Cunhua Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunhua Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-7958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048817096","display_name":"Qingqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044969631","display_name":"Feng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007793867","display_name":"Ruiqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6091-1138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless and Computing Research Institute, ZTE Corporation, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6091-1138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless and Computing Research Institute, ZTE Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457654","display_name":"Zhen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8018-9103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8018-9103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98931796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"1074","last_page":"1088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6089590787887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5040806531906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4846268594264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-model","display_name":"Scale model","score":0.4116232991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3686973452568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3302038908004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32983511686325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2545732259750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.21452701091766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13037967681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12774673104286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12005263566970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.11854764819145203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6089590787887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5040806531906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4846268594264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152588345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6498959","display_name":"Scale model","level":2,"score":0.4116232991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3686973452568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3302038908004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32983511686325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2545732259750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.21452701091766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13037967681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12774673104286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12005263566970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.11854764819145203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3504839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3504839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2824736778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61960206005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4420131350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468035466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5916413296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6011589862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7547104240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W2124175354","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3046837142","https://openalex.org/W3107035074","https://openalex.org/W3115103619","https://openalex.org/W3133599482","https://openalex.org/W3143117471","https://openalex.org/W3202961854","https://openalex.org/W3208229673","https://openalex.org/W4205380020","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4285225593","https://openalex.org/W4286569356","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4312406976","https://openalex.org/W4312619530","https://openalex.org/W4315473054","https://openalex.org/W4324125657","https://openalex.org/W4361988597","https://openalex.org/W4365790520","https://openalex.org/W4376464588","https://openalex.org/W4380520376","https://openalex.org/W4385627151","https://openalex.org/W4385831770","https://openalex.org/W4388191556","https://openalex.org/W4389331900","https://openalex.org/W4394811150","https://openalex.org/W4399118807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139939267","https://openalex.org/W1974511032","https://openalex.org/W4311518154","https://openalex.org/W1964996159","https://openalex.org/W4248167041","https://openalex.org/W4255785186","https://openalex.org/W2316285465","https://openalex.org/W4285276318","https://openalex.org/W2317286081","https://openalex.org/W343220070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"works":[1],"mainly":[2],"rely":[3],"on":[4,39,90],"the":[5,12,24,32,35,40,66,91,112,131,136,158,163,170,185,196,203],"far-field":[6,123],"planar-wave-based":[7,41],"channel":[8,36,87,133,149,171,204],"model":[9,42,88,172],"to":[10,109,157,182,190],"assess":[11],"performance":[13],"of":[14,34,115,130,162,169],"reconfigurable":[15],"intelligent":[16],"surface":[17],"(RIS)-enabled":[18],"wireless":[19,215],"communication":[20,103],"systems.":[21],"However,":[22],"when":[23],"transmitter":[25],"and":[26,122,151,166,175,199,207],"receiver":[27],"are":[28,173,180],"in":[29,45,119,212],"near-field":[30,121],"ranges,":[31],"investigation":[33],"statistics":[37,154],"based":[38,89],"will":[43],"result":[44],"relatively":[46],"low":[47],"computing":[48],"accuracy.":[49,80],"To":[50],"tackle":[51],"this":[52],"challenge,":[53],"we":[54,82],"initially":[55],"develop":[56,83],"an":[57],"analytical":[58],"framework":[59,64,95,187],"for":[60,96,201],"sub-array":[61,93],"partitioning.":[62],"This":[63],"divides":[65],"large-scale":[67,97],"RIS":[68,164],"array":[69,165],"into":[70],"multiple":[71],"sub-arrays,":[72],"effectively":[73],"reducing":[74],"modeling":[75,197],"complexity":[76,198],"while":[77],"maintaining":[78],"acceptable":[79],"Then,":[81],"a":[84,192],"beam":[85],"domain":[86],"proposed":[92,132,186],"partition":[94],"RIS-enabled":[98,116,213],"unmanned":[99],"aerial":[100],"vehicle":[101],"(UAV)-to-vehicle":[102],"systems,":[104],"which":[105],"can":[106],"be":[107],"used":[108],"efficiently":[110],"capture":[111],"sparse":[113],"features":[114,161],"UAV-to-vehicle":[117],"channels":[118],"both":[120],"ranges.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"some":[126],"important":[127],"propagation":[128,205],"characteristics":[129],"model,":[134],"including":[135],"spatial":[137],"cross-correlation":[138],"functions":[139,143,147],"(CCFs),":[140],"temporal":[141],"auto-correlation":[142],"(ACFs),":[144],"frequency":[145],"correlation":[146],"(FCFs),":[148],"capacities,":[150],"path":[152],"loss":[153],"with":[155],"respect":[156],"different":[159],"physical":[160],"non-stationary":[167],"properties":[168],"derived":[174],"analyzed.":[176],"Finally,":[177],"simulation":[178],"results":[179],"provided":[181],"demonstrate":[183],"that":[184],"is":[188],"helpful":[189],"achieve":[191],"good":[193],"tradeoff":[194],"between":[195],"accuracy":[200],"investigating":[202],"characteristics,":[206],"therefore":[208],"providing":[209],"highly-efficient":[210],"communications":[211],"air-ground":[214],"networks.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}