{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404809428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3503908","title":"Waveform Optimization and Beam Focusing for Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer With Dynamic Metasurface Antennas and Non-Linear Energy Harvesters","display_name":"Waveform Optimization and Beam Focusing for Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer With Dynamic Metasurface Antennas and Non-Linear Energy Harvesters","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404809428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3503908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3503908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3503908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3503908","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092401257","display_name":"Amirhossein Azarbahram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1494-5309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Azarbahram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1494-5309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034968363","display_name":"Onel L. Alcaraz L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-5183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onel L. A. L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-5183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035872239","display_name":"Matti Latva\u2010aho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-0969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Latva-Aho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-0969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84724867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"1031","last_page":"1045"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.7573177814483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6808369755744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5931182503700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5907565951347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5687414407730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5383893251419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-transfer","display_name":"Energy transfer","score":0.5288661122322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.5280885100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5135762691497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4398972690105438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.437327116727829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.41419845819473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37512484192848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.338601291179657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.32915687561035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19588112831115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1820395290851593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.09424847364425659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.7573177814483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6808369755744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5931182503700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5907565951347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5687414407730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5383893251419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106447425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11379","display_name":"Energy transfer","level":2,"score":0.5288661122322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.5280885100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5135762691497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4398972690105438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.437327116727829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.41419845819473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37512484192848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.338601291179657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.32915687561035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19588112831115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1820395290851593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.09424847364425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3503908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3503908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3503908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3503908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1824793925","display_name":"6G Flagship - 6G-Enabled Wireless Smart Society & Ecosystem","funder_award_id":"346208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8822911842","display_name":"Ultra-cyberPhysical system for tRuly wIrelesS chargING (UPRISING)","funder_award_id":"348515","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1969955021","https://openalex.org/W2024399828","https://openalex.org/W2321959027","https://openalex.org/W2336227589","https://openalex.org/W2499216291","https://openalex.org/W2520361879","https://openalex.org/W2556373857","https://openalex.org/W2593319849","https://openalex.org/W2767817194","https://openalex.org/W2805657678","https://openalex.org/W2892102532","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W3023981559","https://openalex.org/W3034646744","https://openalex.org/W3082063956","https://openalex.org/W3084702903","https://openalex.org/W3087691045","https://openalex.org/W3120316304","https://openalex.org/W3120822682","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3137570378","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W3206252136","https://openalex.org/W3208383956","https://openalex.org/W3217430342","https://openalex.org/W4214949933","https://openalex.org/W4220687089","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4280489385","https://openalex.org/W4289535806","https://openalex.org/W4378421604","https://openalex.org/W4378842078","https://openalex.org/W4389776622","https://openalex.org/W4400277836","https://openalex.org/W4403182235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205317126","https://openalex.org/W2763444231","https://openalex.org/W2236924022","https://openalex.org/W2766259844","https://openalex.org/W2740114034","https://openalex.org/W2996994402","https://openalex.org/W2944239825","https://openalex.org/W4327640760","https://openalex.org/W3009881542","https://openalex.org/W4312096221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"frequency":[1],"(RF)":[2],"wireless":[3,13],"power":[4,18,37,89,93,121,140,168],"transfer":[5,19],"(WPT)":[6],"is":[7,22,35],"a":[8,23,64,69,83],"promising":[9],"technology":[10],"for":[11,26,58,113],"future":[12],"systems.":[14],"However,":[15],"the":[16,31,36,75,88,133,139,144,154,158,175,178,184,192,196],"low":[17],"efficiency":[20],"(PTE)":[21],"critical":[24],"challenge":[25],"practical":[27],"implementations.":[28],"One":[29],"of":[30,135,167],"main":[32],"inefficiency":[33],"sources":[34],"consumption":[38,90,122,141],"and":[39,50,77,91,109,116],"loss":[40],"introduced":[41],"by":[42,142],"key":[43],"components":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"high-power":[47],"amplifier":[48],"(HPA)":[49],"rectenna,":[51],"thus":[52],"they":[53,150],"must":[54],"be":[55],"carefully":[56],"considered":[57],"PTE":[59],"optimization.":[60],"Herein,":[61],"we":[62,101],"consider":[63],"near-field":[65],"RF-WPT":[66],"system":[67],"with":[68],"dynamic":[70],"metasurface":[71],"antenna":[72,155],"(DMA)":[73],"at":[74],"transmitter":[76,176],"non-linear":[78],"energy":[79,125,179,187],"harvesters.":[80],"We":[81],"provide":[82],"mathematical":[84],"framework":[85],"to":[86,119],"calculate":[87],"harvested":[92],"from":[94],"multi-tone":[95],"signal":[96],"transmissions.":[97],"Based":[98],"on":[99,106,180],"this,":[100],"propose":[102],"an":[103],"approach":[104],"relying":[105],"alternating":[107],"optimization":[108,115],"successive":[110],"convex":[111],"approximation":[112],"waveform":[114],"beam":[117],"focusing":[118],"minimize":[120],"while":[123,160,186],"meeting":[124],"harvesting":[126],"requirements.":[127],"Numerical":[128],"results":[129,172],"show":[130],"that":[131,152,174],"increasing":[132,153],"number":[134],"transmit":[136],"tones":[137],"reduces":[138],"leveraging":[143],"rectifier\u2019s":[145],"non-linearity":[146],"more":[147],"efficiently.":[148],"Moreover,":[149],"demonstrate":[151],"length":[156],"improves":[157],"performance,":[159],"DMA":[161],"outperforms":[162],"fully-digital":[163],"architecture":[164],"in":[165,183,191,195],"terms":[166],"consumption.":[169],"Finally,":[170],"our":[171],"verify":[173],"focuses":[177],"receivers":[181],"located":[182],"near-field,":[185],"beams":[188],"are":[189],"formed":[190],"receivers\u2019":[193],"direction":[194],"far-field":[197],"region.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
